Two marks, held together, are the whole of the test: a mind at rest in the Self, and no craving left at all.
It is tempting to claim this word, yukta, too early. Krishna gives you a way to check honestly instead: has the mind actually stopped reaching outward, and has the wanting itself, not just its expression, genuinely gone quiet.
When the disciplined mind stands still in the Self alone, and you no longer crave any object at all, then you are called yukta, joined, settled in yoga.
The reading read whole, as one unhurried piece
Where it stands
You have been given the seat, the posture, the steady gaze, the discipline of practice. Now Krishna tells you what all of that was for: the exact moment at which it can honestly be said that you have arrived.
The teaching
Here is the whole test, stated in a single verse, and it asks for two things together, not one. First, the disciplined mind comes to rest in the Self alone. This is not a passing lull between distractions; it is the mind's actual settling into its own ground, no longer rising outward toward objects because nothing outward any longer holds a higher claim on it. Second, the craving dries up. Not suppressed, not merely unexpressed, but genuinely gone, for every object, the ones you can see and the ones you cannot, the ones available now and the ones you imagine lying beyond this life. Where this happens, several readers note, it happens because the actual defects of the craved object have been seen, so the wanting leaves the way a fever leaves once its cause is gone, not because you have clenched your will against it. Only when both marks hold together, the resting mind and the dried-up craving, does the word yukta rightly apply. This is worth being strict about. Stillness without the corresponding loss of appetite is not yet this state, and a reduction in craving without real inward rest is not yet this state either. The verse names one arrival seen from two sides, and it marks that arrival as a genuine threshold: what comes before it is preparation, and what this verse names is the thing itself.
The doubt that rises
How would you actually know, without fooling yourself, that you have crossed this threshold rather than merely grown skilled at appearing calm? The verse gives you two checks, but checking honestly against your own mind is its own difficult practice.
Where the paths divide
Read as the mind's return to its own substrate, pure consciousness.
Shankara and Madhusudana read the resting mind as dissolving into what it always, underneath, already was. Madhusudana is exact about the mechanics: the inner instrument, cleared of restlessness and dullness, stands revealed as the conscious power alone once every movement has stopped, and nothing is actually lost in this, since the Self itself was never the thing in motion. 'Alone' carries the sense of non-duality, an all-Self-ness with nothing left over to want, since wanting requires a second thing to want.
Read as rest made possible by a prior, singular devotion.
Ramanuja's extant word on this verse is brief but exact in its order: the mind fixes and stops moving because nothing besides the Self any longer holds any higher purpose for it, and the freedom from craving that follows is the consequence of that rest, not a separate discipline pursued alongside it. Rest comes first; the emptying out of wanting grows from it.
A brief fragment, honestly held apart from later elaboration.
What survives of Madhva's comment on this verse is a single short line, that the mind comes to rest in the self, too spare to support a developed reading placed confidently in his own voice. What can honestly be said is that his framework, built on a permanent distinction between the finite self and the Lord, would resist any reading of this rest as merger with the Supreme. That guard is made explicit in later Dvaita sub-commentary, and it is presented here as belonging to that later voice, not smuggled into Madhva's own terse line.
A brief fragment; a fuller reading offered only as marked extrapolation.
Abhinavagupta's surviving remark here is likewise short: a note on the word 'when' as marking a precise threshold, and the observation that this yogin's mark is a mind fixed on the self, longing for nothing at all. A fuller Kashmir Shaiva reading, treating the rest as recognition of consciousness's own inherent freedom rather than absorption into a separate ground, would extend naturally from his broader system, but it is offered here explicitly as an extension beyond what this fragment itself develops.
Read as the plain, testable answer to a practitioner's real question.
Sridhara frames the verse as answering exactly the question a sincere practitioner asks: when does my yoga actually count as accomplished? He takes both marks at their ordinary sense, available to your own honest reflection rather than requiring a technical metaphysics first, and adds a note from experience: when outward action is governed by measured, regulated means, inner happiness expands on its own, and the seat of liberation is reached not as a distant reward but as something that grows naturally out of disciplined, ordinary living.
Read as a claim about attention and insight, not willpower.
Drawing on Madhusudana's careful distinctions, a modern-facing reading emphasizes that what stops here is the mind's restless movement toward objects, and that the craving dries up because its causes, the imagined worth of the object, have genuinely been seen through. This reframes the verse away from an act of suppressed willpower and toward something closer to insight: you stop wanting what you have actually, clearly seen cannot give you what you were asking of it.
The schools agree completely on the two marks and on holding them together, but they part on what the resting mind actually touches. Advaita reads it as dissolution into a single, undivided consciousness with nothing left to distinguish. Dvaita, even from its thin word here, would insist the distinction between the finite self and the Lord survives the rest rather than dissolving in it. Vishishtadvaita reads the rest as consequence of a devotion already directed elsewhere. The two fragmentary voices, Madhva's and Abhinavagupta's, leave real room here rather than settled positions, and that gap is left open rather than filled in on their behalf.
A question to carry
When you imagine the craving actually gone, not suppressed, not managed, but gone, do you picture stillness as loss, or as finally being able to give the object in front of you your whole, undivided attention?
Where this teaching travels
Verses that sit near this one, each going its own way; follow whichever calls you.
May the reaching quiet in you before you notice it has gone, and may the noticing itself be gentle, without needing to have arrived anywhere in particular.
Each school is voiced from the commentators named above. Their full words, every translation, and where the schools agree and differ wait in the reading desk just below. Open the commentary desk.
The earlier verses of this chapter laid out the seat, the posture, the steady practice. Here Krishna names the threshold all of that was preparing you to cross.
Where they agreethe convergence
Across schools and centuries the commentators come to the same ground. These are the points they share, and the voices that hold each one.
This verse gives the precise test for when a practitioner can finally be called yukta, joined and settled in yoga.
Across Advaita, Viśiṣṭādvaita, BhaktiŚaṅkara · Rāmānuja · Śrīdhara · MadhusūdanaIn Śaṅkara, Rāmānuja, and 2 others’ words
The verse gives a precise test for a word Krishna has been using loosely until now: yukta, joined, settled in yoga. It is not enough to have been practicing; a specific, recognizable state must actually arrive before the word rightly applies, and this verse states exactly what that arrival looks like.
The first mark is inward stillness: the restrained mind stops chasing outward objects and rests in the Self alone.
Across Advaita, Viśiṣṭādvaita, BhaktiŚaṅkara · Rāmānuja · Śrīdhara · MadhusūdanaIn Śaṅkara, Rāmānuja, and 2 others’ words
The first mark of that arrival is inward stillness. The restrained mind stops chasing outward objects and comes to rest in the Self alone, not as one more object among others but as the ground it no longer leaves. This is read as a genuine settling, not a temporary lull between distractions.
The second mark is the drying up of desire: craving for every object, seen and unseen, genuinely departs.
Across Advaita, BhaktiŚaṅkara · Śrīdhara · MadhusūdanaIn Śaṅkara, Śrīdhara, and 1 others’ words
The second mark is the drying up of desire. Craving for every object, seen and unseen, here and in whatever lies beyond, is said to have genuinely departed, not merely gone quiet for a while. Several readings stress that this happens because the flaws in the desired objects are actually seen, so the thirst leaves on its own rather than being clamped down by will.
Both marks must hold together; neither stillness alone nor reduced craving alone yet earns the word yukta.
Across Advaita, Viśiṣṭādvaita, BhaktiŚaṅkara · Rāmānuja · ŚrīdharaIn Śaṅkara, Rāmānuja, and 1 others’ words
Both marks must hold together for the word yukta to apply. Stillness in the Self without the corresponding loss of craving, or a reduction of craving without real inward rest, does not yet earn the name. The verse names one accomplished state seen from two angles, not two separate achievements that could arrive independently.
Freedom from craving comes by seeing through the actual defects of what is craved, not by suppressing the wanting through force of will.
Across Advaita, BhaktiŚaṅkara · ŚrīdharaIn Śaṅkara and Śrīdhara’s words
The verse functions as a threshold within the chapter's argument. It marks the moment where the earlier instructions on seat, posture, and steady practice stop being preparation and become the settled condition they were preparing you for, a condition the following verses will go on to describe and picture, most famously as a lamp that does not flicker in a windless place.
This is the shared ground; it can be carried as it is. Below is where they differ.
Where they differthe divergence
Viśiṣṭādvaita, in their fuller words
Ramanuja's extant comment on this verse is brief, but it gives a clear order of dependence: the mind is fixed, unmoving, because nothing besides the Self any longer holds a higher purpose for it, and only on that basis does the freedom from every craving follow and earn the name yukta. The rest in the Self comes first, as the ground; the loss of craving is its consequence, not a separate discipline pursued alongside it.
Dvaita, in their fuller words
Madhva's published word on this exact verse is a single line, that the mind comes to rest in the self, too brief to support a developed reading in his own voice. What can be said honestly is that his Dvaita framework, which holds a permanent real distinction between the finite self and the Lord, would resist any reading of this rest as merger or identity with the Supreme; later Dvaita sub-commentary makes that caution explicit, though that elaboration belongs to the sub-commentarial tradition rather than to this terse line itself.
Shaiva, in their fuller words
Abhinavagupta's surviving comment here is a single short remark, on the word 'when' as marking a precise threshold, and the observation that the yogin's mark is a mind fixed on the self, longing for nothing. On a Kashmir Shaiva reading more broadly, one would extend this, clearly as extrapolation beyond the fragment itself, to treat the resting as recognition of consciousness's own inherent freedom rather than absorption into a separate ground, so the stilling of craving would be the falling away of contraction rather than an act of suppression.
Bhakti, in their fuller words
Sridhara frames the verse as the plain answer to a practitioner's real question: when does my yoga actually count as accomplished? He takes both marks, the inward stillness and the dried-up craving, at their ordinary sense, testable in one's own experience, and adds a practical note: when outward action is regulated by measured means, inner happiness expands on its own and the path of yoga opens easily, so the person of regulated activity comes to occupy the very seat of liberation.
A modern reading, in their fuller words
Read for a contemporary ear, Madhusudana's careful separation of the mind's movement from the Self's own ever-present being reframes the verse as a claim about attention rather than metaphysics first: what stops is the mind's restless movement toward objects, and the craving dries up because its causes, the perceived worth of those objects, have genuinely been seen through, not because desire has been willed away by force.
A few questions to carry
These ask for understanding, not recall; each answer is settled by the commentary itself.
For a second sitting
Carry this with youwhat stays
Notice, this week, one moment when a craving simply was not there rather than being suppressed. Do not manufacture the moment; only notice it when it arrives on its own, perhaps right after you have seen clearly, even briefly, that the object you usually want could not actually give what you were asking of it. That seeing, not a effort of will, is the mechanism this verse is pointing to.
So do not rush to claim the word. Watch instead for the quiet, doubled sign: a mind no longer reaching, and a heart no longer hungry, and let the word arrive on its own when both are true.
Read deeper
Everything a full study holds, folded below.
Word by word
All the commentary, woven together
The commentary, woven together
machine-assisted draft, pending review
Convergence
he verse gives a precise test for a word Krishna has been using loosely until now: yukta, joined, settled in yoga. It is not enough to have been practicing; a specific, recognizable state must actually arrive before the word rightly applies, and this verse states exactly what that arrival looks like.
Śaṅkarācārya · Rāmānujācārya · Śrīdhara Svāmī · Madhusūdana Sarasvatī
The first mark of that arrival is inward stillness. The restrained mind stops chasing outward objects and comes to rest in the Self alone, not as one more object among others but as the ground it no longer leaves. This is read as a genuine settling, not a temporary lull between distractions.
Śaṅkarācārya · Rāmānujācārya · Śrīdhara Svāmī · Madhusūdana Sarasvatī
The second mark is the drying up of desire. Craving for every object, seen and unseen, here and in whatever lies beyond, is said to have genuinely departed, not merely gone quiet for a while. Several readings stress that this happens because the flaws in the desired objects are actually seen, so the thirst leaves on its own rather than being clamped down by will.
Śaṅkarācārya · Śrīdhara Svāmī · Madhusūdana Sarasvatī
Both marks must hold together for the word yukta to apply. Stillness in the Self without the corresponding loss of craving, or a reduction of craving without real inward rest, does not yet earn the name. The verse names one accomplished state seen from two angles, not two separate achievements that could arrive independently.
Śaṅkarācārya · Rāmānujācārya · Śrīdhara Svāmī
The verse functions as a threshold within the chapter's argument. It marks the moment where the earlier instructions on seat, posture, and steady practice stop being preparation and become the settled condition they were preparing you for, a condition the following verses will go on to describe and picture, most famously as a lamp that does not flicker in a windless place.
Śaṅkarācārya · Śrīdhara Svāmī
Divergence
Advaita Vedānta
Shankara and Madhusudana read 'rests in the Self alone' as the mind's return to its own true substrate, which is pure consciousness itself. Madhusudana gives this a technical edge: the inner instrument, cleared of agitation and dullness, stands revealed as the conscious power alone, unmixed with anything not-self, once every movement has been stilled; the Self was never in motion to begin with, so nothing is lost when the mind's motion ceases. 'Alone' carries the sense of non-duality, all-Self-ness, with nothing left over to want.
Śaṅkarācārya · Madhusūdana Sarasvatī
Viśiṣṭādvaita
Ramanuja's extant comment on this verse is brief, but it gives a clear order of dependence: the mind is fixed, unmoving, because nothing besides the Self any longer holds a higher purpose for it, and only on that basis does the freedom from every craving follow and earn the name yukta. The rest in the Self comes first, as the ground; the loss of craving is its consequence, not a separate discipline pursued alongside it.
Rāmānujācārya
Dvaita
Madhva's published word on this exact verse is a single line, that the mind comes to rest in the self, too brief to support a developed reading in his own voice. What can be said honestly is that his Dvaita framework, which holds a permanent real distinction between the finite self and the Lord, would resist any reading of this rest as merger or identity with the Supreme; later Dvaita sub-commentary makes that caution explicit, though that elaboration belongs to the sub-commentarial tradition rather than to this terse line itself.
Madhvācārya
Kashmir Śaiva
Abhinavagupta's surviving comment here is a single short remark, on the word 'when' as marking a precise threshold, and the observation that the yogin's mark is a mind fixed on the self, longing for nothing. On a Kashmir Shaiva reading more broadly, one would extend this, clearly as extrapolation beyond the fragment itself, to treat the resting as recognition of consciousness's own inherent freedom rather than absorption into a separate ground, so the stilling of craving would be the falling away of contraction rather than an act of suppression.
Ācārya Abhinavagupta
Bhakti
Sridhara frames the verse as the plain answer to a practitioner's real question: when does my yoga actually count as accomplished? He takes both marks, the inward stillness and the dried-up craving, at their ordinary sense, testable in one's own experience, and adds a practical note: when outward action is regulated by measured means, inner happiness expands on its own and the path of yoga opens easily, so the person of regulated activity comes to occupy the very seat of liberation.
Śrīdhara Svāmī
Modern
Read for a contemporary ear, Madhusudana's careful separation of the mind's movement from the Self's own ever-present being reframes the verse as a claim about attention rather than metaphysics first: what stops is the mind's restless movement toward objects, and the craving dries up because its causes, the perceived worth of those objects, have genuinely been seen through, not because desire has been willed away by force.
Madhusūdana Sarasvatī
A Seeker Asks
How would I know, honestly, whether I have actually arrived at this settled state, or whether I am only telling myself a comforting story about my own stillness?
The verse gives you two independent checks, not one. Ask first whether your mind, left alone without a task, tends to settle rather than wander outward toward objects. Ask second whether your ordinary cravings, for particular foods, approval, outcomes, have actually gone quiet rather than merely gone unexpressed. Both must be true together; either alone is not yet the state the verse names.
Śaṅkarācārya · Rāmānujācārya · Śrīdhara Svāmī
Watch, in particular, for the difference between craving suppressed and craving that has genuinely dried up. Suppressed craving still pulls at you privately even while your outward behavior looks calm. What this verse describes is craving that has lost its grip because you have actually seen through what the object promised and could not deliver, not craving you are simply refusing to act on.
Śaṅkarācārya · Madhusūdana Sarasvatī
And be honest that this is named as a threshold, not a permanent guarantee. The word 'when' marks a real arrival, but nothing in the verse claims the state cannot recede. Rather than searching for a final, unshakeable verdict on yourself, treat the two marks as a running check you return to, again and again, in ordinary practice.
Ācārya Abhinavagupta · Śrīdhara Svāmī
Contemplation
Notice, this week, one moment when a craving simply was not there rather than being suppressed. Do not manufacture the moment; only notice it when it arrives on its own, perhaps right after you have seen clearly, even briefly, that the object you usually want could not actually give what you were asking of it. That seeing, not a effort of will, is the mechanism this verse is pointing to.
Sit with this · sonnet-5-authored
All the translations and commentary
Pull up a chair.
You have come to sit with this verse. When you are ready to hear the translators and the commentators in full, open a tradition in the doorways below, or add a voice by name above.
Also hear this verse, tradition by tradition.