Chapter 4
Jnana Karma Sanyasa Yoga
Path of Knowledge and the Disciplines of Action · 42 verses
This chapter is traditionally treasured as the Yoga of Knowledge and the Renunciation of Action. It opens with a lineage.
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Krishna says he first gave this yoga, this spiritual path, to the sun-god, who passed it to Manu, and so down a parampara, an unbroken teacher-to-student line, until it was lost and Krishna now speaks it again. Arjuna asks how Krishna could have taught it so long ago. Krishna answers that both of them have passed through many births; he remembers them and Arjuna does not. Though unborn and imperishable, the Lord takes birth age after age to protect the good, end the wicked, and restore dharma, the right order that holds life together. Those who truly know this birth and action are freed and reach him. Krishna then teaches action without craving for its fruit, and the Self that does not act even while the body works. A long catalogue of yajna, sacred offering, follows: of the senses, the breath, food, and study. He calls the knowledge-offering the highest and says nothing purifies like knowledge, which burns action to ash and ends delusion. Gained through humility before a teacher and through faith, this knowledge cuts doubt. The schools differ on how to read Krishna's birth and the non-doer Self: non-dual readings (Advaita Vedanta) and devotional ones (Vishishtadvaita, Dvaita, Bhakti) part here.
- 1The imperishable yoga, handed down from the sun through the first kings.
- 2How a living teaching was lost: not the truth decaying, but its human carriers falling away.
- 3Why this ancient teaching comes to you now, given because you are devotee and friend.
- 4How a recently born Krishna could have taught the sun-god at the dawn of creation.
- 5Both Krishna and Arjuna have passed through many births; what divides them is knowing and not knowing.
- 6The unborn Lord takes birth by his own power, never under compulsion.
- 7When dharma wears thin and wrong rises up, the Lord sends himself forth.
- 8Why the birthless Lord takes embodied birth: to guard the good, end the wicked, and set dharma firm.
- 9To know the Lord's birth and action as they truly are is to be born no more.
- 10How the freed reach the Lord's state: emptied of passion, fear and anger, refuged in Him alone, made pure by knowledge.
- 11However you approach God, He meets you in that very same way
- 12Why most people worship the gods for quick results instead of turning to the Lord alone.
- 13The fourfold order is the Lord's own making, yet He stays its changeless non-doer.
- 14How action leaves no stain on the Lord, and on the one who knows him so.
- 15The ones who sought freedom before you did not set their work down; act as they acted.
- 16What action and inaction really are, and why even the wise mistake them.
- 17Three words for action, and a depth in each that ordinary knowing never reaches.
- 18Seeing inaction in action, and action in inaction: the wise one's corrected sight
- 19The one whose every undertaking is free of craving, and whose deeds are burned in the fire of knowledge.
- 20The one who has let go of doership and the craving for fruit keeps working yet does nothing.
- 21The four marks of one whom action no longer binds, though the body still acts
- 22The one who is content with what comes, even under the pairs of opposites, acts yet is not bound.
- 23How knowledge unbinds action: when attachment is gone, even sacrifice leaves no trace.
- 24When the knower offers, the spoon, the ghee, the fire and the act are all seen as Brahman.
- 25Two sacrifices set side by side: worship of the gods, and the offering made into the fire of Brahman.
- 26Withdrawing the senses and meeting their objects can each be made an offering.
- 27Offering the work of the senses and the breath into the fire of self-restraint.
- 28Generosity, austerity, inner yoga, and the study of scripture are all named here as sacrifice.
- 29When breathing itself becomes an offering: the yogis who make their own breath a sacrifice.
- 30The measured eater offers breath into breath, and his sacrifice wears away every stain.
- 31The leftover of sacrifice, eaten as nectar, carries the doer toward the eternal; the one who never offers loses even this world.
- 32Know that every sacrifice is born of action, and let that knowing set you free.
- 33Why the offering of knowledge stands above every offering of substance
- 34How the highest knowledge is gained: not by your own effort, but from one who has seen the truth.
- 35When this knowing is real, you will see every being resting in your own Self, and so in the Lord.
- 36Even the worst of sinners crosses the whole ocean of sin on the raft of knowledge.
- 37A small flame burns a great heap: the fire of knowledge turns your actions to seedless ash.
- 38Nothing purifies like the knowledge of the Self, and in its own time it ripens within you.
- 39Faith, earnestness, and a steadied senses bring knowledge, and knowledge soon brings the supreme peace.
- 40Three who lose their way, and why the doubting mind is the most ruined of all.
- 41How action stops binding the freed person: renounced by yoga, doubt cut by knowledge, settled in the Self.
- 42Cut the doubt with knowledge, take your stand on yoga, and rise to the work that is yours.