Chapter 16
Daivasura Sampad Vibhaga Yoga
Yoga through Discerning the Divine and Demoniac Natures · 24 verses
This chapter is traditionally called Daivasura Sampada Vibhaga Yoga, the yoga that sorts the divine and demonic shares. Krishna names two endowments.
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The daivi sampad is the divine endowment, the qualities to take up: fearlessness, purity, self-restraint, truthful speech, non-violence, compassion, and the like. The asuri sampad is the demonic endowment: pretence, arrogance, conceit, anger, harshness, and the loss of the power to tell right action from wrong. The divine endowment leads to release from the round of birth and death, the demonic to bondage; Krishna reassures Arjuna that he is born to the divine side. There are only two kinds of beings, and the long portrait that follows describes the demonic one so a seeker can spot these marks in himself and avoid them: bottomless craving, hypocrisy, sacrifice done only for show, the boast that credits every gain to oneself, and hatred of the Lord who dwells in all. Such people fall into lower births. Krishna closes by naming desire, anger, and greed as the threefold gate of hell, telling the seeker to give up all three, and making scripture the measure of right action. The schools differ on what release finally means and on how one is born to a given nature. Advaita Vedanta, Vishishtadvaita, Dvaita, Shuddhadvaita, Bhakti, and Kashmir Shaivism each read it their own way.
- 1Fearlessness. Purity of mind. Steadfastness in knowledge and yoga. Charity, control of the senses, sacrifice, study of the scriptures, austerity, and uprightness.
- 2Non-injury, truthfulness, freedom from anger, renunciation, peacefulness, and freedom from fault-finding. Compassion for all beings, non-covetousness, gentleness, modesty, and freedom from restlessness.
- 3Vigor, forgiveness, fortitude, purity, freedom from malice, and freedom from vanity. These belong to one born for the divine nature, Arjuna.
- 4Hypocrisy, arrogance, conceit, anger, harshness, and ignorance. These belong to one born for the demonic nature, Arjuna.
- 5The divine nature leads to liberation, the demonic to bondage. Do not grieve, Arjuna. You are born for the divine nature.
- 6In this world there are two kinds of created beings: the divine and the demonic. The divine has been described at length. Now hear from me about the demonic, Arjuna.
- 7Demonic people do not understand what should be done and what should not be done. In them there is no purity, no good conduct, no truth.
- 8They say the world is unreal, without foundation, without a God. They say it is born of mutual union, driven by desire, and nothing more.
- 9Holding to this view, these lost selves of small discernment, given to cruel deeds, rise up as enemies of the world, bent on its destruction.
- 10Clinging to insatiable desire, full of hypocrisy, pride, and arrogance, holding false ideas through delusion, they act with impure resolve.
- 11Beset by countless cares that end only with death, holding the gratification of desire as the highest goal, they are certain that this is all there is.
- 12Bound by hundreds of ties of hope, given over to desire and anger, they strive to amass wealth by unjust means for the gratification of their desires.
- 13"I have gained this today. This desire I will fulfill. This wealth is mine now, and more will be mine in time."
- 14"That enemy I have slain, and I will slay the others too. I am the lord. I am the enjoyer. I am accomplished, powerful, and happy."
- 15"I am rich and well born. Who is my equal? I will sacrifice, I will give, I will rejoice." So they are deluded by a lack of discernment.
- 16Bewildered by many thoughts, caught in the net of delusion, addicted to the enjoyment of desires, they fall into a foul hell.
- 17Self-conceited and stubborn, filled with pride and drunk on wealth, they perform sacrifices in name only, for show, with no regard for the scriptural rules.
- 18Clinging to egotism, force, and arrogance, to desire and anger, these spiteful people hate me, present in their own bodies and in the bodies of others.
- 19These hateful, cruel people, the vilest of humankind, I cast again and again into the wombs of demons.
- 20Born into demonic wombs birth after birth, these deluded people never reach me, Arjuna. From there they sink to a still lower state.
- 21Three are the gates of this hell, the ruin of the Self: desire, anger, and greed. So one should give up these three.
- 22Freed from these three gates of darkness, Arjuna, a person works for the good of the Self and so reaches the highest goal.
- 23Whoever casts aside the rules of scripture and acts on the impulse of desire reaches neither perfection, nor happiness, nor the highest goal.
- 24So let scripture be your authority in deciding what should and should not be done. Understand what the scriptural rules set forth, and act on it here.