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Free of desire, anger, and greed, a person finally takes up the good, and that good carries them home.

The same three forces named as hell's gates a verse ago are, once left behind, what open the road toward the supreme goal. Nothing mysterious happens at the moment of freedom; the block simply lifts, and the good that was always waiting gets done.

22Chapter 16
The verseSpoken by Krishna
Voices6 commentators · 5 schools · modern voices
The readingAbout 5 minutes, unhurried
एतैर्विमुक्तः कौन्तेय तमोद्वारैस्त्रिभिर्नरः।आचरत्यात्मनः श्रेयस्ततो याति परां गतिम्
etair vimuktaḥ kaunteya tamo-dvārais tribhir naraḥ ācharaty ātmanaḥ śhreyas tato yāti parāṁ gatim

Once a person is free of these three gates of darkness, Arjuna, he takes up what is genuinely good for himself, and by that he reaches the highest goal.

Bhagavad Gita 16.22
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Sanskrit recitation by Swami Brahmānanda

Audio from the Gītā Supersite, IIT Kanpur

The reading read whole, as one unhurried piece

Where it stands

A verse ago, Krishna named desire, anger, and greed as the threefold gate of hell and told Arjuna to abandon them. Now he says what happens to the one who actually does: the same three, no longer gates of hell but gates of darkness left behind, open onto the good of the self and, beyond it, the supreme goal.

The teaching

The gates of hell, once left behind, become the road to the highest goal.

Notice how modest the claim is at first. Freedom from the triad is not itself said to be the goal. It is the clearing. While desire, anger, and greed are active, you cannot take up what is genuinely good for yourself; the block is real, and it is specific. Once it lifts, something simple happens: you stop doing the not-good that these three had been driving you toward, and you take up the good instead. Shankara ties this good tightly to scripture, holding that neither the giving up nor the taking up happens rightly except under its authority. Ramanuja reads the block itself as a block on knowledge whose object is the Lord, so that its removal opens directly onto knowing and, in time, going to Him. Sridhara treats the whole verse as a bridge, the hinge connecting the renunciation just commanded to the positive discipline that follows from it. Madhusudana traces a careful sequence: the obstruction removed, the good practiced, a taste of worldly happiness arriving first, and only then, through the rise of right understanding, the further reach to liberation. What is asked of you, across all of this, is not a single dramatic transformation but a chain, one link opening the next.

The doubt that rises

If desire, anger, and greed are still very much alive in me today, is this verse telling me the door stays shut until they are gone completely, or can I begin walking through as the door only partly loosens?

Where the paths divide

Advaita Vedanta

Read through Shankara's insistence on scriptural authority.

The good you take up here is not any private sense of benefit but the good scripture itself prescribes, and the supreme course you reach comes from carrying that prescribed good out. Neither the giving up of the three gates nor the taking up of the good, on this reading, happens rightly except under scripture's authority; nothing here is left to individual judgment about what feels beneficial.

Vishishtadvaita

Read through Ramanuja's account of what the gates specifically block.

These three gates obstruct, quite specifically, the knowledge whose object is the Lord. To be freed from them is to become capable, for the first time, of that particular knowing. The good then practiced is conformity to Him, and the destination named is not an abstraction: the freed person goes to the Lord Himself, and nothing less than that is meant by the supreme goal.

Dvaita

Read honestly, given what the record actually preserves.

The transmitted record states plainly that Madhva left no comment on this verse, exactly as with the verse just before it that names the three gates themselves. Nothing further should be supplied in his own voice. One could extend his broader teaching of the soul's complete dependence on the Lord, to say that even the capacity to relinquish desire, anger, and greed is itself sustained by the Lord's will, but this is offered here only as a clearly flagged extension of his wider system, not as his transmitted word on this verse.

Kashmir Shaivism

Read from the one terse fragment that survives.

What is preserved from Abhinavagupta here is brief and shared with the verse before it: a note on 'threefold' and on 'by these,' and the single observation that since this triad is hell's gate, it should be abandoned. On a Kashmir Shaiva reading, one would extend this toward his wider Pratyabhijna teaching, that the gates narrow the field of recognition into a contracted, craving self, so that release widens the self back toward its own unobstructed freedom. But that fuller picture belongs to his larger corpus, not to what this verse itself preserves in his name, and is marked here as extension rather than transmission.

Bhakti

Read through Sridhara's architecture of the two verses together.

Sridhara treats this verse mainly as connective tissue: letting go of the triple gate is what makes the practice of your true good, concrete discipline and austerity, possible in the first place, and that practice is what in turn makes release possible. The verse is less a new teaching than the bridge that carries the renunciation just commanded over into the positive work that follows from it.

Modern

Read through Madhusudana's careful staging of the sequence.

Madhusudana keeps the process in strict order rather than collapsing it into one instant. First the obstruction of desire, anger, and greed is lifted; then the good the Veda teaches is actually practiced; then an immediate fruit, happiness tasted in this very world, arrives; and only after that, through the rise of right understanding, does liberation follow. Reading it this way keeps the verse honest about how gradually such freedom is usually won.

Every reading agrees that release from desire, anger, and greed opens onto the good, and the good onto the supreme goal. They differ on how much content to pour into 'the good' itself, scriptural duty, conformity to the Lord, concrete discipline, or a staged worldly-then-otherworldly sequence, and on how far it is honest to extend a school's larger system into a verse where its own founder left little or nothing on record. This page does not force a single answer to either question.

A question to carry

Where in your own life is a door held shut today by desire, anger, or greed, and what is the one plain good you would take up the moment it loosened, even a little?

May the gate that has held you back loosen enough, today, for you to walk through it toward the one good already waiting on the other side.

Each school is voiced from the commentators named above. Their full words, every translation, and where the schools agree and differ wait in the reading desk just below. Open the commentary desk.

Krishna has just told Arjuna to abandon the three gates of hell; here he turns to name what becomes possible for the one who actually does.

Where they agreethe convergence

While desire, anger, and greed remain active they hold a person back from the good of the self; once that hold loosens, the same three points, release, right practice, and the supreme goal, retrace in reverse the very descent just described.

Across schools and centuries the commentators come to the same ground. These are the points they share, and the voices that hold each one.

3schools

The gates of hell from the last verse are named again here as gates of darkness, and the one move asked of you is release from these three.

Across Advaita, Viśiṣṭādvaita, BhaktiŚaṅkara · Rāmānuja · Śrīdhara · Madhusūdana
In Śaṅkara, Rāmānuja, and 2 others’ words

The verse gives the positive payoff of the warning just spoken. Desire, anger, and greed were named the gates of hell; here the same three are called the gates of darkness, the openings through which a person falls into pain and delusion. The one move the verse asks for is release from these three, and the readings that survive in full treat this as one continuous teaching with what came before: first what to drop, now what becomes possible once it is dropped.

Asked in question 1, below
2schools

That release is not the destination; it is the clearing that finally lets you take up the good you were blocked from doing.

Across Advaita, BhaktiŚaṅkara · Śrīdhara · Madhusūdana
In Śaṅkara, Śrīdhara, and 1 others’ words

Freedom from the triad is not the destination but the clearing. While desire, anger, and greed are active, a person cannot take up what is genuinely good for the self; once the obstruction lifts, he stops doing the not-good and takes up the good. The verse is read as a hinge between two kinds of work, giving up and taking up, rather than as naming only one of them.

3schools

The practice of that good, once undertaken, carries you the whole way to the supreme goal, read here as liberation.

Across Advaita, Viśiṣṭādvaita, BhaktiŚaṅkara · Rāmānuja · Śrīdhara · Madhusūdana
In Śaṅkara, Rāmānuja, and 2 others’ words

That practice of the good, once undertaken, is what carries the person the whole way to the supreme goal. Every reading that treats this verse in full agrees the supreme goal named here is liberation, the highest attainment, so the chain runs: release from the gates, then the practice of what is good, then arrival at that goal.

Asked in question 2, below
2schools

This upward chain is the exact mirror, run in reverse, of the demonic descent traced earlier in the chapter.

Across Advaita, ViśiṣṭādvaitaŚaṅkara · Rāmānuja · Madhusūdana
In Śaṅkara, Rāmānuja, and 1 others’ words

This upward chain mirrors, in reverse, the demonic descent traced earlier in the chapter. Where the asuric person is driven downward by unchecked desire, anger, and greed into ruin, the freed person here moves upward through the same three points, release, right action, and the supreme goal, retracing the identical structure in the opposite direction.

Asked in question 3, below
2schools

Where the record is thin, honesty matters more than fluency: Madhva leaves no comment, and Abhinavagupta leaves only a terse shared fragment, and neither gap is papered over here.

Across Dvaita, Kashmir ŚaivaMadhva · Abhinavagupta
In Madhva and Abhinavagupta’s words

Two of the six acaryas whose commentary is sought for this verse have left little or nothing of their own on it: the record states plainly that Madhva offers no comment here, and what survives from Abhinavagupta is a single terse fragment shared with the verse before. Any fuller reading in either voice beyond that plain record is an extrapolation, not a transmitted commentary, and is treated here as such rather than smoothed over.

This is the shared ground; it can be carried as it is. Below is where they differ.

Where they differthe divergence

The question they answer differently
Once a person is free of desire, anger, and greed, what exactly does the freed person take up as 'the good,' and what, precisely, is the supreme goal reached by taking it up?
The traditional commentators
Advaita Vedāntasee this school across the GītāŚaṅkara
The good is what scripture prescribes, and liberation is reached by carrying out that prescribed good under scriptural authority alone.
For Shankara, neither the giving up nor the taking up happens rightly except under scripture's authority.
Viśiṣṭādvaitasee this school across the GītāRāmānuja
Freedom opens the knowledge whose object is the Lord; the good is conformity to Him, and the supreme goal is the Lord Himself.
For Ramanuja, the destination is not an abstraction but a person: one goes to Me alone.
Viśiṣṭādvaita, in their fuller words

Ramanuja reads the three gates as obstructing specifically the knowledge whose object is the Lord, so freedom from them opens the way to that knowledge. The good practiced is conformity to the Lord, and the supreme goal is read without abstraction: the freed person goes to the Lord Himself, not to an impersonal release.

Rāmānuja
Dvaitasee this school across the GītāMadhva
The transmitted record leaves no comment here; nothing should be supplied in Madhva's own voice beyond that honest gap.
Any Dvaita-style extension of dependence-on-the-Lord logic is a flagged extrapolation, not a recorded reading.
Dvaita, in their fuller words

The transmitted record is explicit that Madhva left no comment on this verse, exactly as he left none on the verse naming the three gates just before it. Nothing in his own voice should be supplied here. On a Dvaita reading one might extend his broader doctrine of the soul's total dependence to say that even the capacity to relinquish desire, anger, and greed is itself sustained by the Lord's will, but this is flagged as an extrapolation from his wider system, not a statement the source records him making on this verse.

Madhva
Asked in question 4, below
Śuddhādvaitasee this school across the GītāAbhinavagupta
What survives from Abhinavagupta is a terse fragment naming the triad as hell's gate and counseling its abandonment, nothing fuller.
A Kashmir Shaiva extension toward recognition and the self's own freedom is marked here as extrapolation, not his transmitted word.
Asked in question 5, below
BhaktiŚrīdhara
The verse is the architectural bridge: giving up the triad makes the true good practicable, and that practice in turn makes release possible.
Sridhara reads the two verses as one connected unit rather than treating this verse as adding wholly new content.
Bhakti, in their fuller words

Sridhara makes the two-verse architecture explicit: letting go of the triple gate is what makes the practice of one's true good, discipline and austerity, possible at all, and that practice in turn is what makes release possible. He treats the verse mainly as the connecting bridge from renunciation to positive undertaking, rather than adding new content of its own.

Śrīdhara
Modern voices teachers of the last two centuries, read together; they stand apart from the classical schools
A modern readingMadhusūdana
Madhusudana keeps a strict order: obstruction removed, the good practiced, worldly ease as an interim fruit, liberation only after that through right understanding.
Read as a staged process rather than a single instant of transformation.
A modern reading, in their fuller words

Madhusudana keeps a strict sequence: the obstruction of desire, anger, and greed is removed, the good the Veda teaches is then practiced, an immediate fruit of worldly happiness follows, and only after that, through the rise of right understanding, does liberation follow. Reading it this way keeps the verse from being flattened into a single instant of transformation; it is a process with distinguishable, ordered stages.

Madhusūdana
Sit with these

A few questions to carry

These ask for understanding, not recall; each answer is settled by the commentary itself.

1
What does this verse say becomes possible once a person is freed from desire, anger, and greed?
2
How do the surviving readings describe the relationship between freedom from the triad and reaching the supreme goal?
3
What does this verse's upward movement mirror, according to the surviving commentary?
4
What does the published record say about Madhva's commentary on this verse?
5
What survives of Abhinavagupta's treatment of this verse?
For a second sitting7 more questions
6
For Ramanuja, what specifically do the three gates obstruct?
7
According to Ramanuja, what is the supreme goal this verse names?
8
What architectural role does Sridhara give this verse in relation to the one before it?
9
What sequence does Madhusudana trace across this verse?
10
Under Shankara's reading, what determines whether an action counts as the 'good' this verse asks the freed person to take up?
11
If desire, anger, and greed still stir in you most days, what does the synthesis of these readings suggest about whether you may begin taking up the good now?
12
Why does this file mark certain Dvaita and Kashmir Shaiva readings of this verse as 'flagged extrapolation' rather than as the acaryas' own words?

Carry this with youwhat stays

Notice, without judgment, where desire, anger, or greed still hold a door open in you today. You are not asked to force the door shut by sheer will alone. You are asked to notice the block clearly enough that, as it loosens, you can walk straight through it into the one plain task in front of you, the good you can actually do right now.

So let the block loosen where it will, and the moment it does, do not wait for a further sign. Take up the plain good in front of you, and let that doing itself be the road home.

एतैर्विमुक्तः कौन्तेय तमोद्वारैस्त्रिभिर्नरः।etair vimuktaḥ kaunteya tamo-dvārais tribhir naraḥ

Read deeper

Everything a full study holds, folded below.

Word by word13 terms
etaiḥfrom thisvimuktaḥfreedkaunteyaArjun, the son of Kuntitamaḥ-dvāraiḥgates to darknesstribhiḥthreenaraḥa personācharatiendeavorātmanaḥsoulśhreyaḥwelfaretataḥtherebyyātiattainparāmsupremegatimgoal
All the commentary, woven togetherevery voice, in one place

The commentary, woven together

machine-assisted draft, pending review

Convergence

he verse gives the positive payoff of the warning just spoken. Desire, anger, and greed were named the gates of hell; here the same three are called the gates of darkness, the openings through which a person falls into pain and delusion. The one move the verse asks for is release from these three, and the readings that survive in full treat this as one continuous teaching with what came before: first what to drop, now what becomes possible once it is dropped.

Śaṅkarācārya · Rāmānujācārya · Śrīdhara Svāmī · Madhusūdana Sarasvatī

Freedom from the triad is not the destination but the clearing. While desire, anger, and greed are active, a person cannot take up what is genuinely good for the self; once the obstruction lifts, he stops doing the not-good and takes up the good. The verse is read as a hinge between two kinds of work, giving up and taking up, rather than as naming only one of them.

Śaṅkarācārya · Śrīdhara Svāmī · Madhusūdana Sarasvatī

That practice of the good, once undertaken, is what carries the person the whole way to the supreme goal. Every reading that treats this verse in full agrees the supreme goal named here is liberation, the highest attainment, so the chain runs: release from the gates, then the practice of what is good, then arrival at that goal.

Śaṅkarācārya · Rāmānujācārya · Śrīdhara Svāmī · Madhusūdana Sarasvatī

This upward chain mirrors, in reverse, the demonic descent traced earlier in the chapter. Where the asuric person is driven downward by unchecked desire, anger, and greed into ruin, the freed person here moves upward through the same three points, release, right action, and the supreme goal, retracing the identical structure in the opposite direction.

Śaṅkarācārya · Rāmānujācārya · Madhusūdana Sarasvatī

Two of the six acaryas whose commentary is sought for this verse have left little or nothing of their own on it: the record states plainly that Madhva offers no comment here, and what survives from Abhinavagupta is a single terse fragment shared with the verse before. Any fuller reading in either voice beyond that plain record is an extrapolation, not a transmitted commentary, and is treated here as such rather than smoothed over.

Madhvācārya · Ācārya Abhinavagupta

Divergence

Advaita Vedānta

Shankara reads the good undertaken here as the good scripture prescribes, and the supreme course reached is liberation arrived at by carrying out that prescribed good under scriptural authority. He is emphatic that both halves, giving up the asuric tendencies and taking up the good, happen only by the authority of scripture, never by any private judgment about what counts as beneficial.

Śaṅkarācārya

Viśiṣṭādvaita

Ramanuja reads the three gates as obstructing specifically the knowledge whose object is the Lord, so freedom from them opens the way to that knowledge. The good practiced is conformity to the Lord, and the supreme goal is read without abstraction: the freed person goes to the Lord Himself, not to an impersonal release.

Rāmānujācārya

Dvaita

The transmitted record is explicit that Madhva left no comment on this verse, exactly as he left none on the verse naming the three gates just before it. Nothing in his own voice should be supplied here. On a Dvaita reading one might extend his broader doctrine of the soul's total dependence to say that even the capacity to relinquish desire, anger, and greed is itself sustained by the Lord's will, but this is flagged as an extrapolation from his wider system, not a statement the source records him making on this verse.

Madhvācārya

Kashmir Śaiva

What survives from Abhinavagupta here is a brief shared note on 'threefold' and 'by these,' concluding only that since the triad is the gate of hell, it should be abandoned. On a Kashmir Shaiva reading, one would extend this toward his wider Pratyabhijna teaching, that the gates contract the field of recognition into a narrow, craving self, and that release would be read as a widening back into the self's own unobstructed freedom rather than a movement toward something external. That fuller picture belongs to his broader corpus, not to this verse's surviving fragment, and is marked here as an extension rather than his transmitted word.

Ācārya Abhinavagupta

Bhakti

Sridhara makes the two-verse architecture explicit: letting go of the triple gate is what makes the practice of one's true good, discipline and austerity, possible at all, and that practice in turn is what makes release possible. He treats the verse mainly as the connecting bridge from renunciation to positive undertaking, rather than adding new content of its own.

Śrīdhara Svāmī

Modern

Madhusudana keeps a strict sequence: the obstruction of desire, anger, and greed is removed, the good the Veda teaches is then practiced, an immediate fruit of worldly happiness follows, and only after that, through the rise of right understanding, does liberation follow. Reading it this way keeps the verse from being flattened into a single instant of transformation; it is a process with distinguishable, ordered stages.

Madhusūdana Sarasvatī

A Seeker Asks

If desire, anger, and greed still stir in me most days, does this verse mean the door to the supreme goal stays shut until I am completely free of them?

The verse describes a chain, not a locked gate held shut until perfection arrives. Sridhara reads it as the bridge connecting the giving-up of the last verse to the taking-up of this one; the two sides support each other rather than one waiting in total completion for the other.

Śrīdhara Svāmī

Shankara and Madhusudana both keep the sequence practical rather than absolute: as the obstruction loosens, the not-good is set down and the good is picked up, with a this-worldly ease arriving along the way, well before the further reach toward liberation through right understanding.

Śaṅkarācārya · Madhusūdana Sarasvatī

Ramanuja's reading suggests the direction of travel matters more than a finish line: what is being freed is your capacity for a knowledge whose object is the Lord, and that capacity opens in increments, not all at once. Move toward the door as it loosens, rather than waiting outside it for it to first stand fully open.

Rāmānujācārya

Contemplation

Notice, without judgment, where desire, anger, or greed still hold a door open in you today. You are not asked to force the door shut by sheer will alone. You are asked to notice the block clearly enough that, as it loosens, you can walk straight through it into the one plain task in front of you, the good you can actually do right now.

Sit with this · sonnet-5-authored

All the translations and commentary7 translations
Translationsthe verse re-voiced; tap a translator
The commentatorsthe schools expound the verse

Pull up a chair.

You have come to sit with this verse. When you are ready to hear the translators and the commentators in full, open a tradition in the doorways below, or add a voice by name above.

Also hear this verse, tradition by tradition.

Where this teaching echoesin the Haripath