सांख्ययोग
Chapter 2
Sankhya Yoga
Transcendental Knowledge · 72 verses
This chapter is traditionally treasured as Sankhya Yoga, the yoga of knowledge of the Self, and is said to gather the heart of the whole Gita. It opens on the battlefield.
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Arjuna is overcome by grief and will not fight. He turns to Krishna, says plainly that he is the student, and asks to be taught. Krishna's answer runs in two movements. First he teaches the Self (Atman), what you truly are, deeper than the body. The Self is never born and never dies; only the body comes and goes, the way a person changes worn-out clothes for new ones. Grief, then, rests on a mistake. Krishna also points to plain duty, the warrior's sva-dharma, the work that is his to do. Second, he turns to action. You have a right to your action only, never to its fruits, so act without clinging to results and stay even in gain and loss. This evenness is what he calls yoga. The chapter closes with the sthita-prajna, the person of steady wisdom: free of craving, calm in pain, drawing the senses in like a tortoise into its shell, still as an ocean that many rivers cannot disturb. The schools (Advaita Vedanta, Vishishtadvaita, Dvaita, and others) differ on how the Self relates to Brahman, the supreme Reality, and to the Lord, but they meet on the deathless Self and on action without attachment.
Contentsश्लोकाः
- 1Before a single teaching is spoken, the narrator names the one who is about to speak it, and the name is already a promise.
- 2The first word Krishna speaks to your collapse is astonishment, not comfort.
- 3Before any teaching begins, the collapse itself must be refused.
- 4Arjuna answers Krishna's rebuke by restating his grief in the language of dharma.
- 5Arjuna would rather beg than sit on a throne bought with his teachers' blood.
- 6Arjuna cannot weigh the two duties, cannot foresee the outcome, and cannot bear to win.
- 7He stops arguing and asks, plainly, to be taught.
- 8Arjuna has already tested the largest prizes there are, and found none of them big enough.
- 9Arjuna says his last word, and then he says nothing more.
- 10Between the two armies, a face goes quiet, and the real teaching is about to begin.
- 11You grieve like one who does not know, while speaking like one who does.
- 12You have never once been absent, and you never will be.
- 13The body changes stage by stage; the one who wears it does not.
- 14What touches you is only ever the senses meeting their objects, and it always passes.
- 15The one sensation cannot shake becomes fit for what does not die.
- 16What has no being can never touch you; what truly is can never leave.
- 17What fills all this cannot, by its very nature, be destroyed.
- 18The body ends. The one who wears it never does.
- 19The Self does not kill and is not killed; to believe either is not yet to know it.
- 20Nothing in you was ever born, so nothing in you can die.
- 21Know the Self this way, and the question of who kills whom has nowhere left to land.
- 22The garment is exchanged; the one who wears it is not.
- 23No weapon, no fire, no water, no wind has anything in you to take hold of.
- 24Nothing in you was ever built from parts, form, or fluidity for harm to seize.
- 25Unmanifest, unthinkable, unchanging: know the Self this way, and grief has nothing left to hold.
- 26Grant even the harshest view of the Self, and grief still has nowhere to stand.
- 27What cannot be helped was never a fit place for your grief to stand.
- 28Unseen before, seen a while, unseen again: grief has nowhere solid left to stand.
- 29The Self is a wonder: heard of often, known by almost no one.
- 30The dweller in every body is beyond the reach of death; there is, at last, no one left to grieve for.
- 31Set the Self aside for a moment: even your own duty forbids wavering here.
- 32A duty that arrives unsought cannot rightly be refused for fear of its cost.
- 33Refuse the duty already in your hands, and the refusal itself is the loss.
- 34A lasting disgrace weighs heavier than a single death.
- 35Your retreat will be read as fear, whatever you privately call it.
- 36The retreat you imagine as peace, your enemies will read as proof of cowardice.
- 37Fallen, you win heaven; victorious, you win the earth: this battle has no losing side.
- 38Meet every outcome with one steady mind, and the deed leaves nothing behind to bind you.
- 39The knowledge is given; now the same wisdom is asked to take up your work.
- 40Nothing you sincerely begin here is ever wasted, and none of it can turn against you.
- 41One settled understanding holds; the scattered mind branches without end.
- 42The blossom is not the fruit, and mistaking one for the other is the only real fault named here.
- 43A religion of flowers, promising fruit it can never actually deliver.
- 44A mind fully rented to pleasure has nothing left to gather into resolve.
- 45Scripture's promise of heaven was written for a heart still bargaining.
- 46When the flood has come, the well is not destroyed, only outgrown.
- 47Your claim ends at the doing; the fruit was never in your keeping.
- 48Evenness of mind, held through success and failure alike, is what this verse calls yoga.
- 49Fruit-chasing action falls immeasurably short of action held in an even mind.
- 50The even mind does not just feel calm; it unbinds you, here and now.
- 51Give up the fruit, and the same work that once bound you sets you free.
- 52There is no calendar for wisdom; only a thicket left behind.
- 53When the wavering finally stops, what was called a search turns out to have already arrived.
- 54Arjuna asks for the sage made visible: how does steadiness speak, sit, and walk?
- 55Steady wisdom begins where desire ends and contentment needs nothing further.
- 56You know the sage by how sorrow and pleasure fail to move him.
- 57No clinging is left in him for fortune, good or bad, to grip.
- 58Steadiness draws the senses home the way a tortoise draws in its limbs.
- 59The object can leave the room before the wanting does.
- 60Discernment alone does not protect you; the senses can still take the mind by force.
- 61The senses are not quieted by force; they settle only around a mind that has somewhere higher to stand.
- 62The fall does not start with your hand. It starts with your mind going back to a thing.
- 63Anger does not strike alone; it completes a chain that began long before it.
- 64The fault was never the touching of the world; it was what you carried into the touch.
- 65In that calm, every sorrow you carry finally comes to rest.
- 66Without a gathered mind, nothing above it can stand: no understanding, no peace, no happiness.
- 67One followed sense is enough to blow your wisdom off course.
- 68The senses drawn wholly back; the understanding, at last, unshaken.
- 69The sage is awake exactly where the world sleeps, and asleep exactly where the world is busy.
- 70The rivers still arrive. The sea only stays full.
- 71Desire falls first, then longing, then mine, then the 'I' that held them all.
- 72Reach this standing even once, at any hour, and delusion has nowhere left to return.