He is the source of all, and to know this truly is to worship.
Krishna names himself the origin of everything that is and the mover of everything that moves. The wise are those in whom this truth has actually landed, and in them it does not remain a thought; it flowers at once into worship, warm with feeling.
I am the source of all; from me everything proceeds. Knowing this, the wise worship me, filled with devotion.
The chapter has been showing Krishna's manifestations and might and asking how knowledge of them becomes unwavering yoga; this verse is the turning point, the first of four running through 10.11, where that knowledge matures into devotion.
Where they agreethe convergence
Across schools and centuries the commentators come to the same ground. These are the points they share, and the voices that hold each one.
Everything you can see, hear, or understand, from the creator himself down to the smallest lifeless thing, has its one origin in him.
Across Advaita, Viśiṣṭādvaita, Dvaita, Śuddhādvaita, Bhakti, and the modern voicesŚaṅkara · Ānandagiri · Madhusūdana · Nīlakaṇṭha · Dhanapati · Rāmānuja · Vedānta Deśika · Madhva · Vallabha · Puruṣottama · Śrīdhara · Viśvanātha · Baladeva · Jñāneśvar · Sivananda · Tilak · RamsukhdasIn Śaṅkara, Ānandagiri, and 15 others’ words
Krishna names himself the single source from which the entire world arises. The verse opens with 'I am the origin (prabhava) of all.' Prabhava means the place or point of arising, the cause of coming-into-being. Krishna is saying that everything without exception traces back to him as its origin. The commentators stress 'all' in the widest sense: from Brahma, the creator-deity, down to the most lifeless thing, and across both the conscious and the unconscious, the moving and the unmoving. Nothing falls outside this. The reach is total: whatever can be seen, heard, or understood has its root in him.
And he has not stepped back from what he made; seated within, he keeps it all moving, each thing acting after its own nature.
Across Advaita, Viśiṣṭādvaita, Bhakti, and the modern voicesŚaṅkara · Ānandagiri · Madhusūdana · Nīlakaṇṭha · Dhanapati · Rāmānuja · Vedānta Deśika · Śrīdhara · Viśvanātha · Baladeva · Sivananda · Tilak · RamsukhdasIn Śaṅkara, Ānandagiri, and 11 others’ words
He is not only the origin but the ongoing impeller of all activity. The second line, 'from me all proceeds (pravartate),' takes the claim past mere first cause. Krishna keeps the world in motion. Several commentators read this through the idea of the inner controller (antaryamin): seated within, Krishna prompts everything to act, and each thing moves according to its own nature without overstepping its bounds. So he is both the material cause (the stuff things are made from) and the efficient cause (the agent that makes and moves them). The world's continuance, its destruction, its actions, and the fruits beings enjoy all flow from him alone.
The wise are those in whom this truth has actually landed; and where it lands, it does not stay a doctrine, it turns into worship.
Across Advaita, Viśiṣṭādvaita, Śuddhādvaita, Bhakti, and the modern voicesŚaṅkara · Ānandagiri · Madhusūdana · Nīlakaṇṭha · Dhanapati · Rāmānuja · Vallabha · Puruṣottama · Śrīdhara · Viśvanātha · Baladeva · Sivananda · RamsukhdasIn Śaṅkara, Ānandagiri, and 11 others’ words
It is the wise (budha) who truly grasp this, and grasping it is what awakens worship. The 'wise' are not bare scholars; they are those whose inner discernment has actually landed on the truth that Krishna is the source and mover of all. Many commentators add that this insight goes hand in hand with seeing through the world: the one who has understood the worthlessness or true nature of worldly existence (samsara) is the one ready to worship. The realization does not stay an abstract doctrine of attribution. It flowers at once into devotion. The right response to 'all this is from me' is not catalogue-keeping but worship.
Their worship is warm with bhāva, a settled inner state of love and longing; what the mind has seen, the whole heart now turns toward.
Across Advaita, Viśiṣṭādvaita, Śuddhādvaita, Bhakti, and the modern voicesŚaṅkara · Ānandagiri · Madhusūdana · Rāmānuja · Vedānta Deśika · Vallabha · Puruṣottama · Śrīdhara · Viśvanātha · Baladeva · Jñāneśvar · Sivananda · TilakIn Śaṅkara, Ānandagiri, and 11 others’ words
Their worship is charged with feeling (bhava). The wise worship Krishna 'endowed with bhava.' Bhava is named as a settled inner state or disposition. The commentators fill it out in different but overlapping ways: a firm settling of the mind on the supreme reality, or love and tender regard, or the heart's eager longing for him, or the attitude of servitude and friendship. What unites them is that this is no dry intellectual assent. Knowledge has ripened into a warm, loving, fully engaged turning of the whole person toward Krishna. Bhava is the bridge by which the mind's certainty becomes the heart's devotion.
Here the chapter turns: knowledge of his glory and power, once it has truly landed, ripens through feeling into single-pointed devotion.
Across Advaita, Śuddhādvaita, BhaktiMadhusūdana · Dhanapati · Vallabha · Puruṣottama · Śrīdhara · Viśvanātha · ĀnandagiriIn Madhusūdana, Dhanapati, and 5 others’ words
This verse is the turning point of the chapter, where knowledge of Krishna's glory (vibhuti) and power (yoga) converts into devotion. Several commentators frame 10.8 as the answer to a running question: how does knowing Krishna's manifestations and might produce the unwavering yoga the chapter is teaching? The answer is here. Once vibhuti-knowledge truly lands, it does not remain a list of where Krishna can be glimpsed. It matures into bhava and from bhava into single-pointed devotion. This verse opens a set of four (through 10.11) that unfold the inner life of such a devotee.
This is the shared ground; it can be carried as it is. Below is where they differ.
Where they differthe divergence
Advaita Vedānta, in their fuller words
Krishna's 'I' is the supreme Brahman, named Vasudeva, the non-dual reality that is the very Self of all. Because he is the all-Self and the material of everything, to know him as the origin is to grasp the supremely real reality by removing the failure to grasp it. The bhava that this knowledge produces is a firm settling of the mind on that one supreme reality, and the worshipper is qualified precisely by discernment that has seen through worldly existence. One reading within this school turns the worship inward: knowing 'I am' the inmost Self, the wise worship their own true Self, since the source and inner controller of all is none other than that Self.
Viśiṣṭādvaita, in their fuller words
The 'all' that arises from Krishna is specifically the varied world of conscious and unconscious beings, which form his body, while he remains its inner controller and Lord. What the wise grasp is not a bare identity but Krishna's natural, unchecked lordship together with his host of auspicious qualities: his gracious accessibility, his beauty, his tender love, and the rest. The bhava is a particular state of mind, an eager longing, and the worship is the active outcome of inner discernment joined to a fitting inner stance. The verse, on this reading, names the very candidate the chapter is favouring.
Dvaita, in their fuller words
This school reads the verse as introducing a further class of worshippers and asks why the fruit of the one who fully knows, already stated by 'this glory' in the prior verse, is stated again here. The answer given is that this restatement serves a distinct purpose: it is meant 'for the sake of generating faith in the fruit' already declared. The verse is thus understood as confirming and strengthening trust in the result of knowing Krishna, not as merely repeating it.
Śuddhādvaita, in their fuller words
Read through the grace-centered path (Pushtimarga), 'from me alone everything proceeds' is no mere doctrine about origins; it is the warrant for self-offering, since whatever a person has has come from the Lord. The 'wise' are those in whom knowledge of his greatness has matured into bhava, and bhava into exclusive devotion. Krishna is the play-form Purushottama, the source from whom every bhava issues; once this is truly seen, devotion is no longer one option chosen among many but rises of itself as the only fit response. Across the four verses the stamp is decisive: both means and end are the Lord himself, and the devotee's office is only to consent to the in-drawing that grace accomplishes.
Bhakti, in their fuller words
Krishna is the origin of all things material and non-material and, in his form as the inner controller, the mover of the whole world; from him too, through incarnations such as Narada, proceed the very means of devotion, knowledge, austerity, and action, and all they attain. One source anchors this in scripture, citing Atharva and other texts that Narayana alone existed before all, that Brahma, Rudra, the Vasus, Adityas and the rest were born from him, and identifying that Narayana with Krishna himself. The bhava here is the attitude of servitude, friendship, and the like; one source pictures the world as waves arising and dissolving in water, the devotee realizing Krishna as the one being in all created things, dissolving all sense of place and time, and living happily as a perfect sport while bowing before every creature as God.
A modern reading, in their fuller words
These commentators keep the plain teaching and apply it to the seeker's own seeing. One uses the wave-and-water image: as waves arise, depend on, and dissolve in water, the world's only support is the Lord, who as unmanifest nature (Mulaprakriti) is the source of all forms and the primum mobile, the material and efficient cause; the worldly man clings to passing forms while the wise dwell steadily in the source and enjoy the bliss of the inner Self. Another reads 'sarvasya' as Krishna's vibhuti, all that can be seen, heard, or understood, and 'mattah' as his yoga, the power by which the vibhutis appear, gathering up chapters seven through nine. Its practical edge: the seeker need not search far for a doctrine; wherever the gaze turns, he takes it in hand that the Lord alone is the source, until the very seeing of the world becomes a calling-to-mind of the Lord.
A few questions to carry
These ask for understanding, not recall; each answer is settled by the commentary itself.
For a second sitting
Carry this with youwhat stays
The practice offered here is quiet and constant. You do not need to go hunting for a special doctrine to hold. Wherever your gaze happens to fall, on the unmoving or the moving, the small or the great, on what pleases the senses or what does not, simply take it in hand that the Lord alone is its source. Settle that one point. Once it is settled, the appearances of the world stop pulling your mind away from him. Instead, the very act of seeing the world turns into a calling-to-mind of the Lord. Every glance becomes a remembrance.
Wherever your gaze falls today, that very thing has come from him, and the seeing of it can quietly become a remembering of him.
Read deeper
Everything a full study holds, folded below.
Word by word
All the commentary, woven together
The commentary, woven together
machine-assisted draft, pending review
Convergence
rishna names himself the single source from which the entire world arises. The verse opens with 'I am the origin (prabhava) of all.' Prabhava means the place or point of arising, the cause of coming-into-being. Krishna is saying that everything without exception traces back to him as its origin. The commentators stress 'all' in the widest sense: from Brahma, the creator-deity, down to the most lifeless thing, and across both the conscious and the unconscious, the moving and the unmoving. Nothing falls outside this. The reach is total: whatever can be seen, heard, or understood has its root in him.
Braided from 17 commentators
Śaṅkarācārya · Śrī Ānandagiri · Madhusūdana Sarasvatī · Śrī Nīlakaṇṭha · Dhanapati Sūri · Rāmānujācārya · Vedānta Deśika · Madhvācārya · Vallabhācārya · Śrī Puruṣottama · Śrīdhara Svāmī · Śrīla Viśvanātha · Śrīla Baladeva · Sant Jñāneśvar · Swami Sivananda · Lokmanya Tilak · Swami Ramsukhdas
He is not only the origin but the ongoing impeller of all activity. The second line, 'from me all proceeds (pravartate),' takes the claim past mere first cause. Krishna keeps the world in motion. Several commentators read this through the idea of the inner controller (antaryamin): seated within, Krishna prompts everything to act, and each thing moves according to its own nature without overstepping its bounds. So he is both the material cause (the stuff things are made from) and the efficient cause (the agent that makes and moves them). The world's continuance, its destruction, its actions, and the fruits beings enjoy all flow from him alone.
Braided from 13 commentators
Śaṅkarācārya · Śrī Ānandagiri · Madhusūdana Sarasvatī · Śrī Nīlakaṇṭha · Dhanapati Sūri · Rāmānujācārya · Vedānta Deśika · Śrīdhara Svāmī · Śrīla Viśvanātha · Śrīla Baladeva · Swami Sivananda · Lokmanya Tilak · Swami Ramsukhdas
It is the wise (budha) who truly grasp this, and grasping it is what awakens worship. The 'wise' are not bare scholars; they are those whose inner discernment has actually landed on the truth that Krishna is the source and mover of all. Many commentators add that this insight goes hand in hand with seeing through the world: the one who has understood the worthlessness or true nature of worldly existence (samsara) is the one ready to worship. The realization does not stay an abstract doctrine of attribution. It flowers at once into devotion. The right response to 'all this is from me' is not catalogue-keeping but worship.
Braided from 13 commentators
Śaṅkarācārya · Śrī Ānandagiri · Madhusūdana Sarasvatī · Śrī Nīlakaṇṭha · Dhanapati Sūri · Rāmānujācārya · Vallabhācārya · Śrī Puruṣottama · Śrīdhara Svāmī · Śrīla Viśvanātha · Śrīla Baladeva · Swami Sivananda · Swami Ramsukhdas
Their worship is charged with feeling (bhava). The wise worship Krishna 'endowed with bhava.' Bhava is named as a settled inner state or disposition. The commentators fill it out in different but overlapping ways: a firm settling of the mind on the supreme reality, or love and tender regard, or the heart's eager longing for him, or the attitude of servitude and friendship. What unites them is that this is no dry intellectual assent. Knowledge has ripened into a warm, loving, fully engaged turning of the whole person toward Krishna. Bhava is the bridge by which the mind's certainty becomes the heart's devotion.
Braided from 13 commentators
Śaṅkarācārya · Śrī Ānandagiri · Madhusūdana Sarasvatī · Rāmānujācārya · Vedānta Deśika · Vallabhācārya · Śrī Puruṣottama · Śrīdhara Svāmī · Śrīla Viśvanātha · Śrīla Baladeva · Sant Jñāneśvar · Swami Sivananda · Lokmanya Tilak
This verse is the turning point of the chapter, where knowledge of Krishna's glory (vibhuti) and power (yoga) converts into devotion. Several commentators frame 10.8 as the answer to a running question: how does knowing Krishna's manifestations and might produce the unwavering yoga the chapter is teaching? The answer is here. Once vibhuti-knowledge truly lands, it does not remain a list of where Krishna can be glimpsed. It matures into bhava and from bhava into single-pointed devotion. This verse opens a set of four (through 10.11) that unfold the inner life of such a devotee.
Braided from 7 commentators
Madhusūdana Sarasvatī · Dhanapati Sūri · Vallabhācārya · Śrī Puruṣottama · Śrīdhara Svāmī · Śrīla Viśvanātha · Śrī Ānandagiri
Divergence
Advaita Vedānta
Krishna's 'I' is the supreme Brahman, named Vasudeva, the non-dual reality that is the very Self of all. Because he is the all-Self and the material of everything, to know him as the origin is to grasp the supremely real reality by removing the failure to grasp it. The bhava that this knowledge produces is a firm settling of the mind on that one supreme reality, and the worshipper is qualified precisely by discernment that has seen through worldly existence. One reading within this school turns the worship inward: knowing 'I am' the inmost Self, the wise worship their own true Self, since the source and inner controller of all is none other than that Self.
Śaṅkarācārya · Śrī Ānandagiri · Madhusūdana Sarasvatī · Śrī Nīlakaṇṭha · Dhanapati Sūri
Viśiṣṭādvaita
The 'all' that arises from Krishna is specifically the varied world of conscious and unconscious beings, which form his body, while he remains its inner controller and Lord. What the wise grasp is not a bare identity but Krishna's natural, unchecked lordship together with his host of auspicious qualities: his gracious accessibility, his beauty, his tender love, and the rest. The bhava is a particular state of mind, an eager longing, and the worship is the active outcome of inner discernment joined to a fitting inner stance. The verse, on this reading, names the very candidate the chapter is favouring.
Rāmānujācārya · Vedānta Deśika
Dvaita
This school reads the verse as introducing a further class of worshippers and asks why the fruit of the one who fully knows, already stated by 'this glory' in the prior verse, is stated again here. The answer given is that this restatement serves a distinct purpose: it is meant 'for the sake of generating faith in the fruit' already declared. The verse is thus understood as confirming and strengthening trust in the result of knowing Krishna, not as merely repeating it.
Madhvācārya · Śrī Jayatīrtha
Śuddhādvaita
Read through the grace-centered path (Pushtimarga), 'from me alone everything proceeds' is no mere doctrine about origins; it is the warrant for self-offering, since whatever a person has has come from the Lord. The 'wise' are those in whom knowledge of his greatness has matured into bhava, and bhava into exclusive devotion. Krishna is the play-form Purushottama, the source from whom every bhava issues; once this is truly seen, devotion is no longer one option chosen among many but rises of itself as the only fit response. Across the four verses the stamp is decisive: both means and end are the Lord himself, and the devotee's office is only to consent to the in-drawing that grace accomplishes.
Vallabhācārya · Śrī Puruṣottama
Bhakti
Krishna is the origin of all things material and non-material and, in his form as the inner controller, the mover of the whole world; from him too, through incarnations such as Narada, proceed the very means of devotion, knowledge, austerity, and action, and all they attain. One source anchors this in scripture, citing Atharva and other texts that Narayana alone existed before all, that Brahma, Rudra, the Vasus, Adityas and the rest were born from him, and identifying that Narayana with Krishna himself. The bhava here is the attitude of servitude, friendship, and the like; one source pictures the world as waves arising and dissolving in water, the devotee realizing Krishna as the one being in all created things, dissolving all sense of place and time, and living happily as a perfect sport while bowing before every creature as God.
Śrīdhara Svāmī · Śrīla Viśvanātha · Śrīla Baladeva · Sant Jñāneśvar
Modern
These commentators keep the plain teaching and apply it to the seeker's own seeing. One uses the wave-and-water image: as waves arise, depend on, and dissolve in water, the world's only support is the Lord, who as unmanifest nature (Mulaprakriti) is the source of all forms and the primum mobile, the material and efficient cause; the worldly man clings to passing forms while the wise dwell steadily in the source and enjoy the bliss of the inner Self. Another reads 'sarvasya' as Krishna's vibhuti, all that can be seen, heard, or understood, and 'mattah' as his yoga, the power by which the vibhutis appear, gathering up chapters seven through nine. Its practical edge: the seeker need not search far for a doctrine; wherever the gaze turns, he takes it in hand that the Lord alone is the source, until the very seeing of the world becomes a calling-to-mind of the Lord.
Swami Sivananda · Lokmanya Tilak · Swami Ramsukhdas
A Seeker Asks
If knowing that Krishna is the source of everything is what stirs true worship, why does this knowledge so often stay a dry idea in the head instead of becoming living devotion?
The commentators are clear that the verse does not call for bare knowing but for knowing that has ripened. The 'wise' here are not scholars who hold a fact; they are those in whom inner discernment has actually landed on the truth that Krishna is the source and mover of all. When the insight truly lands, it does not stay a doctrine of attribution. It flowers at once into worship. So the gap you feel is the gap between holding an idea and having it land.
Śrīdhara Svāmī · Rāmānujācārya · Vedānta Deśika · Śrī Puruṣottama
What carries knowledge across that gap is bhava, the warm settled disposition the verse names. Several commentators describe bhava as love and tender regard, an eager longing for the Lord, or the attitude of servitude and friendship; one calls it a firm settling of the mind on the supreme reality. Worship in this verse is explicitly 'endowed with bhava,' which is to say the knowledge has become felt and personal, not merely thought. The head's certainty becomes the heart's turning.
Śrī Ānandagiri · Rāmānujācārya · Śrīla Viśvanātha · Śaṅkarācārya · Madhusūdana Sarasvatī
There is also a practical reason the idea stays dry: it is left as a catalogue rather than worked into seeing. One commentator counsels that wherever the gaze falls, the seeker takes it in hand that the Lord alone is the source, until the very seeing of the world becomes a remembrance of him. Another adds that the qualification for such worship belongs to the one who has seen through the pull of passing forms. The knowledge comes alive when it is practiced as a way of looking and when the heart is no longer captive to the changing surface of things.
Swami Ramsukhdas · Swami Sivananda · Dhanapati Sūri
Contemplation
The practice offered here is quiet and constant. You do not need to go hunting for a special doctrine to hold. Wherever your gaze happens to fall, on the unmoving or the moving, the small or the great, on what pleases the senses or what does not, simply take it in hand that the Lord alone is its source. Settle that one point. Once it is settled, the appearances of the world stop pulling your mind away from him. Instead, the very act of seeing the world turns into a calling-to-mind of the Lord. Every glance becomes a remembrance.
Sit with this · Swami Ramsukhdas
All the translations and commentary
Pull up a chair.
You have come to sit with this verse. When you are ready to hear the translators and the commentators in full, tap a name in The seating.