No one asked him to speak again; he returns because you delight in hearing him.
This verse looks like a small hinge, a courteous 'listen again.' It is Krishna announcing, unprompted, that he will now unfold at length what he has so far only sketched, because his listener has grown able to receive it.
The Blessed Lord said: Listen once more, mighty-armed Arjuna, to my highest word. You take joy in it, so I will speak it for your good.
The reading read whole, as one unhurried piece
Where it stands
You stand at the opening of a new chapter, one that will spend itself listing the Lord's glories at length. Before any list begins, Krishna pauses to say why he is speaking again at all, and to whom.
The teaching
Nothing new has happened to prompt this. You have asked no fresh question; the teaching simply returns, carried by the teacher's own will to return to it. It comes back for reasons that are, on the whole, modest: what was touched only briefly before, in scattered lines across three earlier chapters, is now going to be laid out in full, and a reality this deep does not usually settle after a single hearing. The word about to be spoken is called supreme, not because of its polish, but because of what it discloses, the highest reality, beyond which nothing further stands. And your own state is named directly: you delight in hearing this, you take it in the way one takes in something sweet, and that delight is treated as real, as part of what makes you ready now in a way you may not have been before. What follows will not be display. The glories about to be named exist so you have somewhere definite to rest your attention, on your way toward loving and understanding what they point to.
The doubt that rises
If this is only a return to something already said, what exactly makes it a different moment than the first time? What has to be true of the listener, and not only of the words, for a teaching to finally land?
Where the paths divide
Read where the source is thin, and where it is fuller, as leading toward the glories' use in meditation and knowledge.
What is preserved from Shankara at this exact verse is brief, close to paraphrase: the word is supreme because of what it reveals, and your delight and the Lord's own goodwill are named as the reasons for speaking. A fuller Advaita picture, carried mainly by his later commentator Madhusudana, places the coming glories as supports for meditating on the Lord who holds form, and beyond that, as a step toward knowing the Lord who holds none. The repetition itself answers two needs: the glories must be unfolded before they can be used, and the deepest reality resists settling in one telling.
For the listener whose devotion is meant to take root here and grow.
Here the good wished for you is named specifically: not comfort, not victory, but devotion itself, rising and increasing. The glory about to be unfolded is not decoration. It is the ground devotion needs to have something definite to rest on and grow toward. Being asked to listen with a steady mind reads, on this account, as the condition devotion itself requires, a mind no longer scattered by grief, now settled enough to actually receive what is coming.
Read from a brief, chapter-framing remark rather than a developed argument.
What survives here is thin: a short note that the glories are spoken for the sake of worship, and that the Lord is the special cause behind the surpassing excellence found in certain things, alongside one narrow gloss fixing what your delight means. A fuller reading of your fitness to hear, or of how this delight differs from the grief you carried earlier, belongs to the wider tradition rather than to this fragment alone, and should be held as an extension, not as settled doctrine from this verse.
Read from a fragment that is structural, closer to a note on scope than a theology.
What is preserved here is mostly a remark on structure: this chapter unfolds, word by word, what the nine chapters before it already indicated, so the word again names a plain restatement, not new ground, and you yourself will soon ask for the same thing to be told again. One further term is glossed, freedom from delusion, taken to mean eagerness. A fuller Kashmir Shaiva reading, on your own freedom as the very thing being recognized here, would have to be offered as an extension beyond what this fragment itself says.
Read warmly, as nothing more or less than a teacher returning to someone he loves.
Here the whole verse is heard in the key of grace. Nothing new is being announced. This is the Lord stooping again toward a listener he delights in teaching, addressing you by your strength and asking that your whole capacity, not only your arms, meet what is coming. The wish for your good is offered simply, without further qualification, and the return itself, unasked for, is the clearest sign of how this reading understands affection: it does not wait to be summoned.
Read forward from the fuller Advaita material, toward why repetition itself is considered rather than incidental.
Taken forward from the more developed reasoning on file, this return can be read as answering two distinct needs at once: a practical one, since glories sketched only in passing are of little use until they are spelled out, and a deeper one, since a reality this large rarely settles into understanding after only one hearing. Repetition, on this view, is not a sign that the first telling failed. It is simply what a teaching this size requires.
The sources agree that Krishna returns to teaching unasked, and that your own delight is part of what makes the return matter. They do not agree, where they say enough to compare at all, on what the glories to come are finally for: meditation and knowledge, the growth of devotion, worship of the one who is the cause of all excellence, or simply the same truth restated until it is plain. Several of the sources available here are themselves too thin to settle their own position with confidence. That thinness is left visible rather than smoothed over.
A question to carry
Is there a teaching you have already heard once, that you have stopped truly listening to only because you have heard it before?
Where this teaching travels
Verses that sit near this one, each going its own way; follow whichever calls you.
May whatever you have already been told, and perhaps stopped hearing, find you again today, and find you ready.
Each school is voiced from the commentators named above. Their full words, every translation, and where the schools agree and differ wait in the reading desk just below. Open the commentary desk.
The seventh, eighth, and ninth chapters touched the Lord's nature and his glories only in passing; here, with no new question from Arjuna, Krishna reopens the teaching himself and tells us plainly why.
Where they agreethe convergence
Across schools and centuries the commentators come to the same ground. These are the points they share, and the voices that hold each one.
No one asks him to begin again; the return is his own, unprompted by any question from Arjuna.
Across Advaita, Viśiṣṭādvaita, Dvaita, Kashmir Śaiva, BhaktiŚaṅkara · Rāmānuja · Madhva · Abhinavagupta · Śrīdhara · MadhusūdanaIn Śaṅkara, Rāmānuja, and 4 others’ words
Every source available to us stresses the word again. Krishna is not opening a new topic and no one has asked him a fresh question; he simply returns, on his own, to teaching he has already given. The commentators read this unprompted return as itself meaningful, a teacher circling back to a listener he cares about without needing to be asked.
What was sketched briefly before will now be spread out at length, not repeated word for word.
Across Kashmir Śaiva, Bhakti, AdvaitaAbhinavagupta · Śrīdhara · MadhusūdanaIn Abhinavagupta, Śrīdhara, and 1 others’ words
Two linked reasons surface for why the teaching returns at all. The Lord's own nature is hard to grasp and so bears restating, and the glories touched on only briefly before, in scattered lines across chapters seven through nine, are now going to be laid out at length rather than merely gestured at.
This word is called supreme for what it reveals, the highest reality, not for its style or its beauty.
Across Advaita, BhaktiŚaṅkara · Śrīdhara · MadhusūdanaIn Śaṅkara, Śrīdhara, and 1 others’ words
The word about to be spoken is called supreme, paramam, and where the sources comment on the term at all, they agree it earns that name from its object rather than its style: what it discloses is the highest reality, beyond which nothing stands.
Arjuna's delight in hearing is treated as a real fitness to receive more, not as incidental praise.
Across Advaita, Viśiṣṭādvaita, Dvaita, BhaktiŚaṅkara · Rāmānuja · Madhva · Śrīdhara · MadhusūdanaIn Śaṅkara, Rāmānuja, and 3 others’ words
Arjuna's delight is treated as a real condition for the teaching, not incidental praise. He takes joy in the word, drinking it as one drinks nectar, and this gladness is read as part of what makes him fit to receive more, alongside the Lord's own goodwill toward him.
The glories to come are meant as material for practice, footholds for meditation and devotion, not display.
Across Viśiṣṭādvaita, Bhakti, AdvaitaRāmānuja · Śrīdhara · MadhusūdanaIn Rāmānuja, Śrīdhara, and 1 others’ words
Where the sources look ahead at all, they treat the glories about to be spoken not as display but as material for practice, footholds for meditation, for devotion, or for both together, depending on which commentator is read, rather than as a catalogue meant merely to impress.
This is the shared ground; it can be carried as it is. Below is where they differ.
Where they differthe divergence
Viśiṣṭādvaita, in their fuller words
Ramanuja's surviving comment is brief but pointed: the good the Lord wishes for Arjuna is named specifically as the arising and growth of devotion, and the glory about to be unfolded exists to give that devotion something definite to rest on. The steadiness asked of Arjuna's mind reads as the condition devotion needs, a mind no longer scattered by grief, now settled enough to receive what is coming.
Dvaita, in their fuller words
Madhva's material at this verse is very thin, a chapter-framing remark that the glories are spoken for worship and that the Lord is the special cause of surpassing excellence in certain things, plus one narrow gloss fixing what taking delight means. A fuller Dvaita account of Arjuna's dependent fitness to hear, or of delight replacing the grief of chapter one, belongs to the wider tradition and to Jayatirtha's later elaboration, not to this fragment on its own.
Bhakti, in their fuller words
Sridhara gives the fullest and warmest reading among these sources. He frames the whole chapter as the promised unfolding of glories only sketched before, reads mighty-armed as a call for Arjuna's full capacity, and insists that nothing new is being announced, this is the Lord stooping again toward a listener he loves. The wish for Arjuna's good is offered as simple and singular, and the entire verse is heard in the key of grace.
A modern reading, in their fuller words
Read forward from Madhusudana's more developed treatment, a modern-facing gloss can note that this verse justifies repetition on two distinct grounds at once, a practical one, since concrete glories are more useful for meditation than passing remarks, and an epistemic one, since the deepest reality does not settle in a single hearing. The verse frames its own repetition as considered, not incidental.
A few questions to carry
These ask for understanding, not recall; each answer is settled by the commentary itself.
For a second sitting
Carry this with youwhat stays
Notice, before you read further, that nothing new is being asked of you yet. This verse only asks whether you can still delight in hearing something again, whether an old teaching, returned to, can still land as though for the first time. Sit for a moment with whatever teaching you have already received and have perhaps grown too familiar with to feel. See if it can still reach you.
Let this small return be enough for now: something you have already heard, offered again, because you are able to receive it.
Read deeper
Everything a full study holds, folded below.
Word by word
All the commentary, woven together
The commentary, woven together
machine-assisted draft, pending review
Convergence
very source available to us stresses the word again. Krishna is not opening a new topic and no one has asked him a fresh question; he simply returns, on his own, to teaching he has already given. The commentators read this unprompted return as itself meaningful, a teacher circling back to a listener he cares about without needing to be asked.
Braided from 6 commentators
Śaṅkarācārya · Rāmānujācārya · Madhvācārya · Ācārya Abhinavagupta · Śrīdhara Svāmī · Madhusūdana Sarasvatī
Two linked reasons surface for why the teaching returns at all. The Lord's own nature is hard to grasp and so bears restating, and the glories touched on only briefly before, in scattered lines across chapters seven through nine, are now going to be laid out at length rather than merely gestured at.
Ācārya Abhinavagupta · Śrīdhara Svāmī · Madhusūdana Sarasvatī
The word about to be spoken is called supreme, paramam, and where the sources comment on the term at all, they agree it earns that name from its object rather than its style: what it discloses is the highest reality, beyond which nothing stands.
Śaṅkarācārya · Śrīdhara Svāmī · Madhusūdana Sarasvatī
Arjuna's delight is treated as a real condition for the teaching, not incidental praise. He takes joy in the word, drinking it as one drinks nectar, and this gladness is read as part of what makes him fit to receive more, alongside the Lord's own goodwill toward him.
Śaṅkarācārya · Rāmānujācārya · Madhvācārya · Śrīdhara Svāmī · Madhusūdana Sarasvatī
Where the sources look ahead at all, they treat the glories about to be spoken not as display but as material for practice, footholds for meditation, for devotion, or for both together, depending on which commentator is read, rather than as a catalogue meant merely to impress.
Rāmānujācārya · Śrīdhara Svāmī · Madhusūdana Sarasvatī
Divergence
Advaita Vedānta
Shankara's own comment at this exact verse is thin, close paraphrase rather than argument, so what can be said in his voice here is limited: the word is supreme because of what it reveals, and Arjuna's delight and the Lord's goodwill are named as the grounds for speaking. Madhusudana, writing at more length, sets this within the fuller Advaita architecture: the glories serve meditation on the Lord with qualities and lead onward to knowledge of the Lord beyond qualities, and the repetition here answers both a practical need, since the glories must be unfolded to be meditated on, and an epistemic one, since the reality itself is hard to know and so bears restating.
Śaṅkarācārya · Madhusūdana Sarasvatī
Viśiṣṭādvaita
Ramanuja's surviving comment is brief but pointed: the good the Lord wishes for Arjuna is named specifically as the arising and growth of devotion, and the glory about to be unfolded exists to give that devotion something definite to rest on. The steadiness asked of Arjuna's mind reads as the condition devotion needs, a mind no longer scattered by grief, now settled enough to receive what is coming.
Rāmānujācārya
Dvaita
Madhva's material at this verse is very thin, a chapter-framing remark that the glories are spoken for worship and that the Lord is the special cause of surpassing excellence in certain things, plus one narrow gloss fixing what taking delight means. A fuller Dvaita account of Arjuna's dependent fitness to hear, or of delight replacing the grief of chapter one, belongs to the wider tradition and to Jayatirtha's later elaboration, not to this fragment on its own.
Madhvācārya
Kashmir Śaiva
What is preserved from Abhinavagupta here is closer to an editor's note than a theological reading: this chapter unfolds, word by word, what the previous nine chapters already indicated, so yet again names a plain restatement rather than new ground, and a single term, freedom from delusion, is glossed as meaning eagerness. A fuller Kashmir Shaiva reading, on the self's own freedom and the recognition that repeated teaching serves, would have to be offered as an extension beyond what this fragment itself argues.
Ācārya Abhinavagupta
Bhakti
Sridhara gives the fullest and warmest reading among these sources. He frames the whole chapter as the promised unfolding of glories only sketched before, reads mighty-armed as a call for Arjuna's full capacity, and insists that nothing new is being announced, this is the Lord stooping again toward a listener he loves. The wish for Arjuna's good is offered as simple and singular, and the entire verse is heard in the key of grace.
Śrīdhara Svāmī
Modern
Read forward from Madhusudana's more developed treatment, a modern-facing gloss can note that this verse justifies repetition on two distinct grounds at once, a practical one, since concrete glories are more useful for meditation than passing remarks, and an epistemic one, since the deepest reality does not settle in a single hearing. The verse frames its own repetition as considered, not incidental.
Madhusūdana Sarasvatī
A Seeker Asks
If I have already heard this teaching once, why would hearing it again change anything for me?
Because the sources agree the teaching does not return unchanged. What was given before in brief hints is now going to be spread out at length; the second telling widens what the first only sketched, so it is not a flat repeat of the same words.
Śrīdhara Svāmī · Madhusūdana Sarasvatī
Because something in the listener has also changed. The verse names Arjuna's present delight as a real condition for what comes next, distinct from where he stood before; a heart that can now take joy in the word is differently placed to receive it than it was earlier.
Rāmānujācārya · Śrīdhara Svāmī
And because some truths are simply not settled by a single hearing. Where the sources touch on this at all, they treat the Lord's own nature as inherently difficult to grasp, which is offered as sufficient reason on its own for returning to it, independent of anything else that has changed.
Madhusūdana Sarasvatī
Contemplation
Notice, before you read further, that nothing new is being asked of you yet. This verse only asks whether you can still delight in hearing something again, whether an old teaching, returned to, can still land as though for the first time. Sit for a moment with whatever teaching you have already received and have perhaps grown too familiar with to feel. See if it can still reach you.
Sit with this · sonnet-5-authored
All the translations and commentary
Pull up a chair.
You have come to sit with this verse. When you are ready to hear the translators and the commentators in full, open a tradition in the doorways below, or add a voice by name above.
Also hear this verse, tradition by tradition.