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V.613.513.7
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The field named piece by piece, and the knower left, deliberately, off the list.

Krishna keeps his promise to describe what the body-field contains: elements, ego, intellect, the unmanifest root, ten senses, one mind, and the five things the senses reach. Twenty-four parts, carefully counted, and not one of them is the one doing the counting.

6Chapter 13
The verseSpoken by Krishna
Voices6 commentators · 5 schools · modern voices
The readingAbout 6 minutes, unhurried
महाभूतान्यहङ्कारो बुद्धिरव्यक्तमेव च।इन्द्रियाणि दशैकं च पञ्च चेन्द्रियगोचराः
mahā-bhūtāny ahankāro buddhir avyaktam eva cha indriyāṇi daśhaikaṁ cha pañcha chendriya-gocharāḥ

The great elements, the ego, the intellect, and the unmanifest; the ten senses and the one mind besides; and the five objects the senses reach.

Bhagavad Gita 13.6
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Sanskrit recitation by Swami Brahmānanda

Audio from the Gītā Supersite, IIT Kanpur

The reading read whole, as one unhurried piece

Where it stands

You were told, two verses back, that the body is the field, and that Krishna would say what it is and of what kind. Here he begins to make good on that. Nothing is left vague. The field is counted out into nameable pieces, so you can hold the whole of it in view.

The teaching

Twenty-four parts of the field, named one by one, and the knower nowhere among them.

The list runs in a particular order, and the order is not incidental. First the great elements, earth, water, fire, air, and ether, named here in their subtle form rather than the solid form your hand touches. Then the sense of 'I,' the intellect, and the unmanifest. Then the ten senses, the one mind, and the five objects the senses reach. Read backward, this becomes a chain of cause and effect: the unmanifest is the root, caused by nothing prior to it; from the unmanifest comes the intellect, whose work is to decide; from the intellect comes the sense of 'I'; from that 'I' come the elements. The senses split into two families of five. Five bring knowledge in: ear, skin, eye, tongue, nose. Five carry action out: speech, the hand, the foot, the organ of elimination, the organ of generation. The mind stands as an eleventh, whose task is to settle a question or hold it open in doubt. The five objects, sound, touch, form, taste, and smell, are the fields where all these senses actually work. Add it up and you reach twenty-four, the same count the old Sankhya reckoning gives. The point of naming every piece is not scholarly completeness for its own sake. It lets you see body, mind, and the world they touch as one single, examinable field, and it draws a line: everything just named sits on one side of that line, and the knower sits, silently, on the other.

The doubt that rises

If my intellect, my sense of 'I,' and even my mind are only entries on this list, parts of the field rather than the one watching it, then what exactly is left that could still be called me?

Where the paths divide

Advaita Vedanta

For the reader who keeps the count of twenty-four but questions what stands under it.

You can accept every item on this list and still ask a harder question underneath it: what is the unmanifest root, finally? Not, on this reading, an independent stuff standing apart from everything else. It is the Lord's own power, his maya, the same maya named elsewhere as hard to cross, a thing that cannot finally be pinned down as either simply real or simply unreal. One voice in this tradition goes further and reads the sequence itself in a deeper key: the intellect as the Lord's own first seeing, the ego as the resolve to become many, the elements arising afterward in strict order. The arithmetic is kept. What is refused is the claim that this arithmetic describes anything standing on its own, apart from the Lord who sustains it.

Vishishtadvaita

For the reader whose available source material at this verse addresses the field's changes more directly than its list, honestly noted.

The material preserved at this exact verse leans toward the field's changes, desire and dislike, pleasure and pain, rather than the component list itself, and that gap between the verse as numbered here and the commentary as preserved is worth naming rather than papering over. Reasoning from how this same tradition treats the field elsewhere, the twenty-four items would be read as one aggregate, arisen to support the conscious self, the base on which that self tastes pleasure and pain and works, through the very same body, toward both bondage and release. The field is never an end in itself. It exists for the sake of the person it carries.

Dvaita

For the reader willing to sit with a genuine silence rather than have it filled in for them.

Here the honest thing to say is the plainest: no comment from this tradition's founding teacher survives at this verse at all, not even a passing phrase. Rather than inventing a confident reading in his name, what can be offered is a clearly-marked extension of positions he holds elsewhere: this whole field, on such a reading, would be dependent, insentient nature, its unmanifest root never standing apart from the Lord who alone sustains it, and the self within the field would remain a real, distinct knower, never dissolved into either nature or the Lord it depends on. Marked, throughout, as extrapolation and not as this teacher's own recorded word.

Kashmir Shaivism

For the reader listening for where the knower is named, even in the briefest surviving line.

What remains here is compressed to a single sentence, and the honest reading stays at that length rather than expanding it into an argument the source does not make. The unmanifest is glossed as nature; the senses together with the mind are counted as eleven; the sense-fields as five. The one detail worth lingering on is how the knower is named: not a passive witness, but 'the power of seeing,' the person, phrasing that already leans toward this tradition's larger sense of awareness as something active rather than inert, even though a fuller unfolding of that phrase is not preserved at this line.

Bhakti

For the reader who wants the list simply named, without an argument riding on top of it.

This reading is the plainest of the six preserved here, and its plainness is worth respecting rather than embellishing. The great elements as earth and its four companions; the ego as their cause; the intellect as the great principle, marked by decided awareness; the unmanifest as root-nature, stated and left there; the ten senses named one after another; the mind as an eleventh; the sense-fields as the subtle marks that set sky and its companions apart from each other. The count reaches twenty-four, and nothing further is claimed. Sometimes the most devotional act available to a commentator is simply naming the field clearly enough that it can, later, be surrendered.

Modern

For the reader who wants a practical hold on where thought and selfhood actually sit.

Taken together for present use, what these readings share matters more than where they part: everything you would ordinarily call yourself from the inside, your intellect, your sense of 'I,' your mind with its constant resolving and doubting, is named here as part of the field, the knowable. None of it is named as the knower. The practical use of this is immediate. When a thought announces itself, or your sense of 'I' rises up insistent, you can notice that this, too, belongs to the list just given, nature simply doing what nature does, rather than treating it as the final word on who you are.

All six readings agree on the count and, largely, on the order: twenty-four parts, running from the subtlest root down to the objects the senses touch, and none of them place the knower inside that count. Where they part is on what the root, and so the whole field, finally is: the Lord's own maya, an aggregate built to support the conscious self, dependent nature sustained by a Lord distinct from it, the seen set against a seeing-power just beginning to stir, or a plain list left to speak for itself. And where the sources themselves fall silent, as they do here for one voice entirely and partly for two others, this page says so rather than settling the question by invention. What the field's root ultimately is stays open; what it is not, namely you, the one who notices it, is the one thing every reading holds in common.

A question to carry

Go through the list once more, slowly: elements, ego, intellect, mind, senses, their objects. Can you find, anywhere among them, the one who is doing this noticing?

The body you carry, and the mind that keeps deciding and doubting inside it, are nature doing exactly what nature does. Let the list be counted, let it be seen clearly, and let it rest where it belongs, on the side of the seen. What is watching is not on the list.

Each school is voiced from the commentators named above. Their full words, every translation, and where the schools agree and differ wait in the reading desk just below. Open the commentary desk.

Two verses earlier Krishna promised to say what the field is and of what kind; this verse begins keeping that promise by spelling the field out into its parts.

Where they agreethe convergence

These twenty-four items, from the great elements down to the objects of the senses, are the shared inventory of the field; every developed reading here agrees the knower is not among them, even while they part on what the field's root finally is.

Across schools and centuries the commentators come to the same ground. These are the points they share, and the voices that hold each one.

3schools

This is where the counting begins. The body was called the field; now hear what fills it, in order: elements, ego, intellect, the unmanifest, the senses, the mind, and what the senses touch.

Across Advaita, Bhakti, ViśiṣṭādvaitaŚaṅkara · Śrīdhara · Madhusūdana · Rāmānuja
In Śaṅkara, Śrīdhara, and 2 others’ words

This verse begins the actual inventory of the field that Krishna promised two verses earlier. Having called the body the field in general terms, he now lists what it is built from: the great elements, the ego, the intellect, the unmanifest; the ten senses and the one mind; and the five objects the senses reach. Every commentator with a genuine word to say here treats the list as answering that earlier promise, not as a random catalog dropped in without context.

Asked in question 1, below
2schools

Read the terms as a chain, not a row. The unmanifest gives rise to the intellect that decides, the intellect to the ego that says 'I,' the ego to the elements, subtlest source moving toward what is more plainly there.

Across Advaita, BhaktiŚaṅkara · Madhusūdana · Śrīdhara
In Śaṅkara, Madhusūdana, and 1 others’ words

The terms are widely read as a chain of cause and effect rather than a flat row of equals. The unmanifest sits as the root, caused by nothing further; from it comes the intellect, whose mark is deciding; from the intellect comes the ego, whose mark is the bare sense of 'I'; from the ego come the great elements. The order runs from the subtlest source down toward what shows itself more plainly.

Asked in question 2, below
3schools

Count the senses ten and one. Five bring the world in as knowing, five carry your action out, the eleventh is the mind that resolves or doubts, and the five objects are the grounds where all of them do their work.

Across Advaita, Bhakti, Kashmir ŚaivaŚaṅkara · Śrīdhara · Madhusūdana · Abhinavagupta
In Śaṅkara, Śrīdhara, and 2 others’ words

The senses are counted as ten plus one. Five bring knowledge in, hearing and its companions; five carry action out, speech and its companions; and the mind stands as an eleventh, whose work is to resolve a question or to hold it in doubt. The five objects the senses reach, sound, touch, form, taste, and smell, complete the field's furniture.

Asked in question 3, below
2schools

Add it up and you reach twenty-four, the Sankhya's own tally, borrowed here so that body, mind, and their objects can be seen together as a single knowable field, set apart from the one who knows it.

Across Advaita, BhaktiŚaṅkara · Śrīdhara · Madhusūdana
In Śaṅkara, Śrīdhara, and 1 others’ words

Added together the items make the twenty-four principles that the Sankhya system counts, and none of the commentators with genuine material here dispute that arithmetic. The Gita borrows Sankhya's well-worn inventory of body and perception and puts it to work inside its own teaching about the field and the one who knows it.

Asked in question 4, below
3schools

Where a master's record runs thin, as it does here for Madhva entirely and partly for Ramanuja and Abhinavagupta, the honest page says so, rather than dressing up silence as certainty.

Across Advaita, Kashmir Śaiva, ViśiṣṭādvaitaŚaṅkara · Abhinavagupta · Rāmānuja
In Śaṅkara, Abhinavagupta, and 1 others’ words

Naming every one of these twenty-four components matters because it draws body, mind, and their objects together into a single, examinable bundle, set apart from the conscious one for whom the bundle appears. Whatever else divides the commentators, none of them place the knower inside this list.

This is the shared ground; it can be carried as it is. Below is where they differ.

Where they differthe divergence

The question they answer differently
Once the field is counted out piece by piece, twenty-four parts in all, is its unmanifest root an independent stuff, a dependent instrument, or the Lord's own power of illusion, and where exactly does the list stop short of naming the one who knows it?
The traditional commentators
Advaita Vedāntasee this school across the GītāŚaṅkara, Madhusūdana
The same twenty-four items are counted, but their root, the unmanifest, is read as the Lord's own maya, undifferentiated and finally unreal, never an independent primal matter.
Read where the Sankhya arithmetic is kept but its underlying metaphysics is refused.
Viśiṣṭādvaitasee this school across the GītāRāmānuja
The whole listed field is one aggregate, arisen as the base that supports the conscious self who tastes pleasure and pain through it and works toward both bondage and release.
Read from material on the field's changes, honestly flagged as adjacent to this verse's own list.
Viśiṣṭādvaita, in their fuller words

The commentary preserved under Ramanuja's name at this verse addresses the field's changes rather than its component list directly, a mismatch in how the passage is divided across traditions, and that gap is stated honestly rather than smoothed over. Drawing on how he treats the field elsewhere, the twenty-four items would be read as one aggregate, the base that has arisen to support the conscious one who tastes pleasure and pain through it and works, by means of it, toward both bondage and release. The field's whole reason for being is the person it carries.

Rāmānuja
Dvaitasee this school across the GītāMadhva
The record is genuinely silent here; only a flagged extrapolation can be offered, that this list is dependent, insentient nature, its root never independent of the Lord who sustains it.
Honestly marked as extrapolation from Madhva's wider teaching, not his recorded word at this verse.
Dvaita, in their fuller words

The source record is direct: Madhva offers no comment at all on this verse, a genuine silence rather than a thin fragment. What can be offered honestly is only a clearly-labeled extrapolation from his settled positions elsewhere: this whole list would belong to dependent, insentient nature, its unmanifest root never independent of the Lord who sustains it, and the embodied self within the field would remain a real, distinct knower, never dissolved into either nature or the Lord. This is stated explicitly as extrapolation, not as his recorded word.

Madhva
BhaktiŚrīdhara
The list is stated as a clean, unadorned naming of twenty-four principles, with no doctrinal argument pressed onto it beyond the naming itself.
Read as the plainest of the six, the evenness of the gloss its own kind of teaching.
Bhakti, in their fuller words

Sridhara gives the cleanest, least argumentative gloss of the six: the great elements as earth and its companions, the ego as their cause, the intellect as the great principle marked by decided awareness, the unmanifest as root-nature stated without further claim, the ten senses named one by one, the mind as an eleventh, and the sense-fields as the subtle marks distinguishing sky and the rest. He closes simply by confirming the count of twenty-four, letting the plainness of the list stand as its own kind of teaching.

Śrīdhara
Kashmir Śaivasee this school across the GītāAbhinavagupta
What survives is compressed to a single sentence, glossing the terms quickly, with its one distinctive move naming the knower as the power of seeing, the person, held apart from the whole catalog.
Read at its genuine brevity, without expanding a fuller Trika argument the source does not preserve here.
Modern voices teachers of the last two centuries, read together; they stand apart from the classical schools
A modern readingŚaṅkara, Madhusūdana, Śrīdhara
Whatever you would call yourself from the inside, intellect, ego, mind, and senses, is named here as part of the knowable field, never as the one who watches it.
Read for the seeker who wants a practical grip on where thought and self-feeling belong.
A modern reading, in their fuller words

Read together for a present-day seeker, the shared thread across the classical readings is practical rather than metaphysical: everything you would call yourself from the inside, intellect, ego, mind, and the senses, lands squarely on the side of the knowable field, never on the side of the knower. Recognizing that the churn of thought and the insistence of 'I' both belong to nature's own machinery, not to the one who watches them, is itself the first loosening of their grip.

Śaṅkara · Madhusūdana · Śrīdhara
Sit with these

A few questions to carry

These ask for understanding, not recall; each answer is settled by the commentary itself.

1
What promise made two verses earlier does this verse begin to keep?
2
How are the terms in this list best read, according to the commentators who address the order directly?
3
How does the verse count the senses, in total?
4
What total do the listed components add up to, and whose count is it drawn from?
5
If your intellect, your sense of 'I,' and your mind are all named here as parts of the field, what does that leave you free to notice?
6
Why does naming twenty-four separate components matter at all, rather than simply saying 'the field is everything about you'?
For a second sitting6 more questions
7
For Shankara and Madhusudana, what is the unmanifest root of this list finally understood to be?
8
What does honest fidelity require when a commentator's preserved words at a verse address the field's changes rather than its listed components?
9
What is genuinely Abhinavagupta's own move in the single compressed sentence preserved at this verse?
10
What is the honest handling of Madhva's silence at this particular verse?
11
What does Sridhara's reading of this verse contribute that the others do not emphasize as strongly?
12
Which items does every reading agree are held back from this verse's list of elements, to appear only later as sense-objects?

Carry this with youwhat stays

Sit for a moment and simply count what you would ordinarily call 'me': a body, a rush of feeling, an intellect that keeps deciding, a mind that keeps resolving and doubting, a stream of sounds and sights and tastes moving through. Now notice that every single item on that list is something you can notice. Whatever it is that is doing the noticing is not on the list. Rest there for a breath before returning to your day.

When your mind throws up a wish, or your sense of 'I' speaks up, you can notice quietly: this too belongs to the field, nature simply doing what nature does. What notices is not on the list.

महाभूतान्यहङ्कारो बुद्धिरव्यक्तमेव च।इन्द्रियाणि दशैकं च पञ्च चेन्द्रियगोचराःmahā-bhūtāny ahankāro buddhir avyaktam eva cha

Read deeper

Everything a full study holds, folded below.

Word by word12 terms
mahā-bhūtānithe (five) great elementsahankāraḥthe egobuddhiḥthe intellectavyaktamthe unmanifested primordial matterevaindeedchaandindriyāṇithe sensesdaśha-ekamelevenchaandpañchafivechaandindriya-go-charāḥthe (five) objects of the senses
All the commentary, woven togetherevery voice, in one place

The commentary, woven together

machine-assisted draft, pending review

Convergence

his verse begins the actual inventory of the field that Krishna promised two verses earlier. Having called the body the field in general terms, he now lists what it is built from: the great elements, the ego, the intellect, the unmanifest; the ten senses and the one mind; and the five objects the senses reach. Every commentator with a genuine word to say here treats the list as answering that earlier promise, not as a random catalog dropped in without context.

Śaṅkarācārya · Śrīdhara Svāmī · Madhusūdana Sarasvatī · Rāmānujācārya

The terms are widely read as a chain of cause and effect rather than a flat row of equals. The unmanifest sits as the root, caused by nothing further; from it comes the intellect, whose mark is deciding; from the intellect comes the ego, whose mark is the bare sense of 'I'; from the ego come the great elements. The order runs from the subtlest source down toward what shows itself more plainly.

Śaṅkarācārya · Madhusūdana Sarasvatī · Śrīdhara Svāmī

The senses are counted as ten plus one. Five bring knowledge in, hearing and its companions; five carry action out, speech and its companions; and the mind stands as an eleventh, whose work is to resolve a question or to hold it in doubt. The five objects the senses reach, sound, touch, form, taste, and smell, complete the field's furniture.

Śaṅkarācārya · Śrīdhara Svāmī · Madhusūdana Sarasvatī · Ācārya Abhinavagupta

Added together the items make the twenty-four principles that the Sankhya system counts, and none of the commentators with genuine material here dispute that arithmetic. The Gita borrows Sankhya's well-worn inventory of body and perception and puts it to work inside its own teaching about the field and the one who knows it.

Śaṅkarācārya · Śrīdhara Svāmī · Madhusūdana Sarasvatī

Naming every one of these twenty-four components matters because it draws body, mind, and their objects together into a single, examinable bundle, set apart from the conscious one for whom the bundle appears. Whatever else divides the commentators, none of them place the knower inside this list.

Śaṅkarācārya · Ācārya Abhinavagupta · Rāmānujācārya

Divergence

Advaita Vedānta

Shankara and Madhusudana both accept the count of twenty-four while refusing the metaphysics that ordinarily rides underneath it. For them the unmanifest is not an independent, self-standing primal matter; it is the Lord's own power, his maya, undifferentiated and finally indefinable. Madhusudana sharpens this further, unfolding the sequence in Upanishadic terms: the intellect is the Lord's first seeing, the ego is the resolve to become many, and from that resolve the elements arise one after another, a reading he calls better than the plain Sankhya account, even while he keeps Sankhya's own arithmetic intact.

Śaṅkarācārya · Madhusūdana Sarasvatī

Viśiṣṭādvaita

The commentary preserved under Ramanuja's name at this verse addresses the field's changes rather than its component list directly, a mismatch in how the passage is divided across traditions, and that gap is stated honestly rather than smoothed over. Drawing on how he treats the field elsewhere, the twenty-four items would be read as one aggregate, the base that has arisen to support the conscious one who tastes pleasure and pain through it and works, by means of it, toward both bondage and release. The field's whole reason for being is the person it carries.

Rāmānujācārya

Kashmir Śaiva

What survives of Abhinavagupta here is a compressed single sentence, and the honest reading stays that brief rather than padding it. He glosses the unmanifest as prakriti, counts the senses with mind as eleven, and names the sense-fields as five. His one distinctive move is where he places the knower: the conscious one set against this whole list is named 'the power of seeing,' the person, language that already carries the flavor of awareness as an active capacity rather than an inert witness, though a fuller Kashmir Shaiva unfolding of that phrase is not preserved at this line.

Ācārya Abhinavagupta

Bhakti

Sridhara gives the cleanest, least argumentative gloss of the six: the great elements as earth and its companions, the ego as their cause, the intellect as the great principle marked by decided awareness, the unmanifest as root-nature stated without further claim, the ten senses named one by one, the mind as an eleventh, and the sense-fields as the subtle marks distinguishing sky and the rest. He closes simply by confirming the count of twenty-four, letting the plainness of the list stand as its own kind of teaching.

Śrīdhara Svāmī

Modern

Read together for a present-day seeker, the shared thread across the classical readings is practical rather than metaphysical: everything you would call yourself from the inside, intellect, ego, mind, and the senses, lands squarely on the side of the knowable field, never on the side of the knower. Recognizing that the churn of thought and the insistence of 'I' both belong to nature's own machinery, not to the one who watches them, is itself the first loosening of their grip.

Śaṅkarācārya · Madhusūdana Sarasvatī · Śrīdhara Svāmī

Dvaita

The source record is direct: Madhva offers no comment at all on this verse, a genuine silence rather than a thin fragment. What can be offered honestly is only a clearly-labeled extrapolation from his settled positions elsewhere: this whole list would belong to dependent, insentient nature, its unmanifest root never independent of the Lord who sustains it, and the embodied self within the field would remain a real, distinct knower, never dissolved into either nature or the Lord. This is stated explicitly as extrapolation, not as his recorded word.

Madhvācārya

A Seeker Asks

If my intellect, my sense of 'I,' and my own mind are all just parts of this field being listed, then what is actually left that could be called me?

Every commentator with genuine material at this verse agrees on where the line falls, even while they disagree about what lies on the far side of it: the intellect, the ego, the mind, and the senses are named here as parts of the field, the knowable, and none of the six places the knower among them.

Śaṅkarācārya · Śrīdhara Svāmī · Madhusūdana Sarasvatī

What is left, on any of these readings, is only the fact of noticing itself, prior to and distinct from everything noticed. Abhinavagupta's surviving phrase names this directly as 'the power of seeing,' the person, held apart from the whole catalog just given.

Ācārya Abhinavagupta

Where the sources genuinely diverge, and where Madhva's silence at this verse leaves an honest gap, is on how completely that noticing self coincides with the Lord who indwells and sustains the field. That question the list itself does not settle, and it should not be answered here as though it were.

Rāmānujācārya · Madhvācārya

Contemplation

Sit for a moment and simply count what you would ordinarily call 'me': a body, a rush of feeling, an intellect that keeps deciding, a mind that keeps resolving and doubting, a stream of sounds and sights and tastes moving through. Now notice that every single item on that list is something you can notice. Whatever it is that is doing the noticing is not on the list. Rest there for a breath before returning to your day.

Sit with this · sonnet-5-authored

All the translations and commentary7 translations
Translationsthe verse re-voiced; tap a translator
The commentatorsthe schools expound the verse

Pull up a chair.

You have come to sit with this verse. When you are ready to hear the translators and the commentators in full, open a tradition in the doorways below, or add a voice by name above.

Also hear this verse, tradition by tradition.

Where this teaching echoesin the Haripath