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V.313.213.4
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Know me too as the knower within every field; that discernment alone is knowledge.

Having just named the body as field and the aware self within it as field-knower, Krishna claims that same knower, present in every body without exception, as himself, and stakes real knowledge entirely on seeing the difference between the two.

3Chapter 13
The verseSpoken by Krishna
Voices6 commentators · 5 schools · modern voices
The readingAbout 5 minutes, unhurried
क्षेत्रज्ञं चापि मां विद्धि सर्वक्षेत्रेषु भारत। क्षेत्रक्षेत्रज्ञयोर्ज्ञानं यत्तज्ज्ञानं मतं मम
kṣhetra-jñaṁ chāpi māṁ viddhi sarva-kṣhetreṣhu bhārata kṣhetra-kṣhetrajñayor jñānaṁ yat taj jñānaṁ mataṁ mama

And know me too as the knower of the field, present in every field, O Bharata. In my view, the knowledge that discerns the field from its knower is the only knowledge worth the name.

Bhagavad Gita 13.3
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Sanskrit recitation by Swami Brahmānanda

Audio from the Gītā Supersite, IIT Kanpur

The reading read whole, as one unhurried piece

Where it stands

Krishna has just handed Arjuna two working words: the field, this body with its whole equipment, and the field-knower, the one aware of it. Now he closes the gap between the second word and himself, and tells Arjuna exactly what he means, from here on, by knowledge.

The teaching

Know me too as the knower in every field; nothing less than that discernment is knowledge.

Your body, with everything it senses and does, is the field. The one who is aware of that field is the knower, and Krishna says: know that knower, in every field there is, as me. The same single awareness that knows your body is declared to be the very one that knows every body, from the greatest being down to the smallest creature; the bodies are countless, the knower is not. On this, the sources with real material to draw from stand together. Where they part, sharply, is on how completely that one knower and the Lord coincide, whether nothing at all stands between them or whether a real, dependent self remains distinctly indwelt. What is not in dispute is the verse's second claim: knowledge, in Krishna's own accounting, means exactly this, telling the field from its knower, and nothing less. Pleasure, pain, doing, and enjoying belong to the field, not to the knower in its own right; a person can master every language and every art there is and still remain bound, because none of that touches the one discernment that actually frees. This page also owes you honesty about its limits. Three of the six masters gathered here, Ramanuja, Madhva, and Abhinavagupta, left little or nothing specifically on this line; their fuller positions are drawn mostly from the verse just before, and where this page extends them further, it says so plainly rather than dressing up a guess as their settled word.

The doubt that rises

If the knower in me really is the Lord, or is genuinely indwelt by him, why does my own suffering still feel like it belongs to no one else but me, with nothing larger inside it at all?

Where the paths divide

Advaita Vedanta

Read as a flat statement that no second self stands anywhere.

Strip away the limiting marks that each body adds, the differences running from the greatest being down to a blade of grass, and the knower left standing in every field is the one Lord, with nothing else beside him. The apparent round of birth and doing is fastened onto that knower only by ignorance, the way a rope is mistaken for a snake in the dark; what is real in the highest sense is never actually touched by a fault ignorance merely paints onto it. Real knowing, on this reading, takes field and knower together, so the field is seen through as unreal and the one knower is reached as the sole ground beneath the whole appearance.

Vishishtadvaita

Drawn mainly from the fuller argument at the prior verse, since this verse's own record is thin.

The small word 'too' is read as adding the Lord as a further knower, the inner ruler seated within each individual field-knower, without erasing that individual as a real, distinct knower in his own right. In every body, the self is the near knower and the Lord dwells within as ruler; across the whole cosmos, the Lord alone rules as ultimate ground. Bodily pleasure and pain belong to the embodied self, never to the unchanging Lord who indwells it, so the fitting knowledge is two-fold: the self and its field together, and the Lord recognized as the one who rules that pair from within.

Dvaita

Offered honestly as extrapolation; the direct record here is a single bare line.

What survives from this master at this specific verse is a brief aside naming the verse's key phrase, nothing more, so no developed argument of his own can honestly be presented as though it addressed this line. What can be said is that his wider teaching of radical dependence, if extended here, would keep every embodied knower a real and distinct self, never dissolved into the Lord, with the sought knowledge being the recognition of one's dependent standing before the one independent Lord who indwells the field.

Kashmir Shaivism

Extended from the prior verse, where his surviving comment is actually recorded.

This master's surviving commentary treats the two verses as one continuous passage, with nothing separately preserved for this line alone. What is genuinely his, from the verse before, reads 'knower of the field' through two old roots at once, wearing down the bondage of action and rescuing the soul from the fear of birth and death; for the awakened, the very same field becomes the standing-ground of the one Self, awareness no longer resting in one measured spread but running unbroken through every field at once. Extended, though not separately attested here, that unbroken awareness is what this verse would be naming.

Bhakti

Read as devotion and knowledge fused in a single recognition.

This reading turns to the great saying, that thou art, and reads the field-knower running through every field as the very thing that saying points to: none other than the Lord himself, seated in every field there is. To know the field-knower correctly, on this view, simply is to know the Lord; devotion and knowledge are not two separate roads meeting later but one act of recognition from the start. This same reading praises the knowledge itself, calling everything else, however impressive, mere craftsman's skill next to the one knowing that actually frees.

Modern

Read as the hinge inside a single verse, from an epistemic claim to a metaphysical one.

The knower was shown, just before, to be merely distinct from the body and senses, self-luminous in its own right. This verse completes that movement: strip away the marks ignorance has laid onto that same knower, the sense of birth, of doing, of enjoying, and what is left is declared to be the Lord himself, without a second. The field, by contrast, is exposed as imagination, false; the knower alone is the one reality the whole appearance rests on.

Every reading with real material to draw from agrees the knower is one and that telling it from the body is the only knowledge that frees. They part on how completely that one knower coincides with the Lord: total identity with no second, or a real self genuinely indwelt and ruled from within, or a dependent self whose right relation is recognized rather than dissolved. This page also leaves open, deliberately, what a fuller record from Ramanuja, Madhva, and Abhinavagupta might have said at this exact line, had more of it survived; what is offered here in their names beyond the thin extant record is marked as extension, not as their word.

A question to carry

When something painful happens today and your mind says at once 'this is mine,' can you pause long enough to ask what in you is simply aware of it, before deciding how much of it truly belongs to you?

Whatever field you are standing in today, this body, this task, this feeling, let there be, for one breath, only the knowing of it, and let that knowing be enough.

Each school is voiced from the commentators named above. Their full words, every translation, and where the schools agree and differ wait in the reading desk just below. Open the commentary desk.

Krishna has just given Arjuna the two working terms of this chapter, field and field-knower; here he identifies himself with the second and tells Arjuna what counts, in his own reckoning, as knowledge at all.

Where they agreethe convergence

The knower in every field is one, is never the body, and the felt ownership of pain rests on mistaking the two for each other; how completely the knower and the Lord coincide is where the sources part, and where several of them fall silent.

Across schools and centuries the commentators come to the same ground. These are the points they share, and the voices that hold each one.

2schools

The same conscious self that knows your body knows every body, from the greatest being to the smallest creature; the bodies differ endlessly, the knower does not.

Across Advaita, BhaktiŚaṅkara · Śrīdhara · Madhusūdana
In Śaṅkara, Śrīdhara, and 1 others’ words

Every source that speaks with any confidence on this verse agrees that Krishna is telling Arjuna to recognize the knower of the field, the conscious self aware of the body, as Krishna himself, present in the same way in every field there is. The bodies differ from creature to creature; the knower they point to is declared to be one and the same.

Asked in question 1, below
2schools

Pleasure and pain, doing and enjoying, birth and death belong to the field; discerning the knower clear of them is what Krishna alone calls knowledge.

Across Advaita, BhaktiŚaṅkara · Śrīdhara · Madhusūdana
In Śaṅkara, Śrīdhara, and 1 others’ words

The verse's second line is read, across the sources with developed material, as Krishna's own definition of real knowledge: the discernment of the field from its knower, and nothing less than that. Pleasure, pain, doing, enjoying, birth and death belong to the field; they are not, in their own nature, the knower's.

Asked in question 2, below
2schools

Every other learning, however vast, is set beneath this one knowing, because only this one frees the self from its assumed bond with the body.

Across Advaita, BhaktiŚaṅkara · Śrīdhara · Madhusūdana
In Śaṅkara, Śrīdhara, and 1 others’ words

The phrase 'in my view' is read as deliberately exclusive. Every other kind of learning, however vast, that does not sever the self's false bond with the body is set aside as mere cleverness or ignorance, useful for getting by in the world but powerless to free anyone from it.

Asked in question 3, below
3schools

Where the record for a given master runs thin, as it does here for three of six, the honest page says so plainly rather than inventing his certainty.

Across Viśiṣṭādvaita, Kashmir Śaiva, DvaitaRāmānuja · Abhinavagupta · Madhva
In Rāmānuja, Abhinavagupta, and 1 others’ words

Where the sources for this verse are thin or entirely absent, the same doctrinal seam recurs from the surrounding verses: Ramanuja's and Abhinavagupta's genuine material sits mainly at 13.2, and Madhva's at 13.2 and 13.3 alike is only a bare aside, so any fuller reading in their names here has to be marked as an extension rather than their own recorded word on this line.

3schools

The question the verse leaves open is not whether the knower is one, but how fully that one knower and the Lord you call yours turn out to be the same.

Across Advaita, Viśiṣṭādvaita, BhaktiŚaṅkara · Rāmānuja · Śrīdhara · Madhusūdana
In Śaṅkara, Rāmānuja, and 2 others’ words

Even across this divide between rich and thin sources, no reading denies that a real change of self-understanding is being asked for. Whether that change is total identity, indwelling nearness, dependent recognition, or awareness recognizing its own spread, all agree the ordinary assumption, that you simply are the body, is the error the verse means to correct.

This is the shared ground; it can be carried as it is. Below is where they differ.

Where they differthe divergence

The question they answer differently
Is the knower named here strictly one Lord with no second self anywhere, or a distinct self genuinely indwelt, upheld, or recognized by the one Lord, and what, honestly, can be said in each master's own voice versus only extended in his name?
The traditional commentators
Advaita Vedāntasee this school across the GītāŚaṅkara, Madhusūdana
Once every body's limiting marks are set aside, the knower left standing in every field is the one Lord, without a second self anywhere beside him.
For one who takes the verse's phrase 'together' seriously: knowing field and knower jointly is what lets the field be seen through as unreal.
Viśiṣṭādvaitasee this school across the GītāRāmānuja
The Lord indwells every field as inner ruler, a further knower distinct from the jiva-knower, whose own reality and standing are never erased.
Drawn chiefly from Ramanuja's fuller argument at the prior verse, since his extant remark on this line is thin on its own.
Viśiṣṭādvaita, in their fuller words

Read through the word 'too' as marking the Lord as a further knower, the inner ruler seated within each individual field-knower, distinction intact throughout. This is drawn mainly from Ramanuja's fuller argument at 13.2, since his extant remark placed at 13.3 itself is thin; on the fuller position, bodily pleasure and pain belong to the embodied knower and cannot be handed to the changeless Lord, so the right knowledge is two-fold: the field and its jiva-knower together, and the Lord recognized as ruler indwelling that pair.

Rāmānuja
Dvaitasee this school across the GītāMadhva
No developed reading survives from Madhva at this line; extended honestly from his wider teaching, the many knowers would remain real and dependent, never dissolved into the one Lord.
Flagged explicitly as extrapolation, not Madhva's own recorded word on this verse.
Dvaita, in their fuller words

The source record for Madhva at this verse is a single bare gloss, with no developed argument of his own preserved here. What can be offered honestly is a clearly-flagged extension consistent with his wider teaching of radical dependence: every embodied knower would remain a real, distinct self, and the knowing named here would be the discernment of one's dependent standing before the one independent Lord indwelling the field, not the dissolution of many knowers into one.

Madhva
Shaivasee this school across the GītāAbhinavagupta
The one knower named here is awareness itself, resting in a measured spread as the individual self, spreading unbroken as Vasudeva; genuine material sits at the prior verse.
Extended from Abhinavagupta's comment at 13.2, since his surviving Gita commentary treats 13.2 and 13.3 as one passage.
Shaiva, in their fuller words

Abhinavagupta's surviving commentary folds 13.2 and 13.3 into one passage, with nothing separately extant for this verse. His genuine material at 13.2 reads 'knower of the field' through two verbal roots, wearing down bondage and rescuing from the fear of birth and death, and holds that for the awakened, the same field becomes the ground of Vasudeva, awareness spreading unbroken rather than resting in one measured spread. Extended, though not separately attested, to 13.3: the one knower named here would be that same unbroken awareness recognized as one's own nature.

Abhinavagupta
BhaktiŚrīdhara
The field-knower running through every field is Vasudeva himself, grounded in the great saying that thou art; to know him rightly is devotion and knowledge in one act.
Read as the fusing of bhakti and jnana rather than as two separate roads.
Bhakti, in their fuller words

Sridhara reads the verse as revealing the samsarin's own truest, non-samsaric form: the field-knower running through every field is to be known as none other than Vasudeva, grounded directly in the great saying, that thou art. Devotion, knowledge, and that saying converge in a single act of recognition, so to know the field-knower correctly just is to know the Lord seated in every field, bhakti and jnana seen as one movement rather than two roads.

Śrīdhara
Modern voices teachers of the last two centuries, read together; they stand apart from the classical schools
A modern readingMadhusūdana
The verse completes a two-step argument: a knower first shown merely distinct from body and senses is now shown, once ignorance's marks are stripped away, to be identical with the Lord.
Read as the hinge between an epistemic claim and a metaphysical one within a single verse.
A modern reading, in their fuller words

Read as completing a deliberate two-step argument: the field-knower was first shown merely distinct from body and senses, self-luminous in its own right, and only now is it shown identical with the supreme Self once ignorance's imposed marks, doership, enjoyment, birth, are stripped away. The field itself is exposed as maya's imagination, false; the knower alone stands as the one reality it rests on, making the verse the hinge between an epistemic claim, the knower is distinct, and a metaphysical one, the knower is the Lord.

Madhusūdana
Sit with these

A few questions to carry

These ask for understanding, not recall; each answer is settled by the commentary itself.

1
Whom does Krishna tell Arjuna to recognize as the knower of the field in every field?
2
According to the verse, what exactly does Krishna call real knowledge?
3
What does the phrase 'in my view' (matam mama) do in this verse?
4
Why do pleasure and pain not belong to the knower in its own nature, on this verse's reading?
5
Why does the felt ownership of pain not disprove this verse's claim, on the developed readings?
For a second sitting7 more questions
6
How does Ramanuja's fuller position, drawn mainly from the prior verse, read the 'too' in 'know me too as the knower of the field'?
7
What is honestly true about the material attributed to Madhva at this specific verse?
8
Why does this page extend, rather than directly quote, Abhinavagupta's reading at 13.3?
9
For Sridhara, what does knowing the field-knower correctly amount to?
10
Madhusudana reads this verse as completing what two-step movement?
11
What single error do all six readings agree the verse is correcting?
12
When a source is thin or missing for a given acarya, what does this page do?

Carry this with youwhat stays

Notice, just once today, the moment pain or pleasure arrives and your mind says 'this is happening to me.' Do not argue with the feeling. Simply ask what in you is aware of it. That awareness is not the pain, is not the pleasure, and was never touched by either. Rest there for a breath before returning to whatever you were doing.

Sit for a moment with whatever you are feeling right now, and ask only this: what in me is aware of this feeling? Let that be enough for today.

क्षेत्रज्ञं चापि मां विद्धि सर्वक्षेत्रेषु भारत।kṣhetra-jñaṁ chāpi māṁ viddhi sarva-kṣhetreṣhu bhārata

Read deeper

Everything a full study holds, folded below.

Word by word16 terms
kṣhetra-jñamthe knower of the fieldchaalsoapionlymāmmeviddhiknowsarvaallkṣhetreṣhuin individual fields of activitiesbhāratascion of Bharatkṣhetrathe field of activitieskṣhetra-jñayoḥof the knower of the fieldjñānamunderstanding ofyatwhichtatthatjñānamknowledgematamopinionmamamy
All the commentary, woven togetherevery voice, in one place

The commentary, woven together

machine-assisted draft, pending review

Convergence

very source that speaks with any confidence on this verse agrees that Krishna is telling Arjuna to recognize the knower of the field, the conscious self aware of the body, as Krishna himself, present in the same way in every field there is. The bodies differ from creature to creature; the knower they point to is declared to be one and the same.

Śaṅkarācārya · Śrīdhara Svāmī · Madhusūdana Sarasvatī

The verse's second line is read, across the sources with developed material, as Krishna's own definition of real knowledge: the discernment of the field from its knower, and nothing less than that. Pleasure, pain, doing, enjoying, birth and death belong to the field; they are not, in their own nature, the knower's.

Śaṅkarācārya · Śrīdhara Svāmī · Madhusūdana Sarasvatī

The phrase 'in my view' is read as deliberately exclusive. Every other kind of learning, however vast, that does not sever the self's false bond with the body is set aside as mere cleverness or ignorance, useful for getting by in the world but powerless to free anyone from it.

Śaṅkarācārya · Śrīdhara Svāmī · Madhusūdana Sarasvatī

Where the sources for this verse are thin or entirely absent, the same doctrinal seam recurs from the surrounding verses: Ramanuja's and Abhinavagupta's genuine material sits mainly at 13.2, and Madhva's at 13.2 and 13.3 alike is only a bare aside, so any fuller reading in their names here has to be marked as an extension rather than their own recorded word on this line.

Rāmānujācārya · Ācārya Abhinavagupta · Madhvācārya

Even across this divide between rich and thin sources, no reading denies that a real change of self-understanding is being asked for. Whether that change is total identity, indwelling nearness, dependent recognition, or awareness recognizing its own spread, all agree the ordinary assumption, that you simply are the body, is the error the verse means to correct.

Śaṅkarācārya · Rāmānujācārya · Śrīdhara Svāmī · Madhusūdana Sarasvatī

Divergence

Advaita Vedānta

Read as flat non-difference: once the limiting marks of the various bodies are set aside, the knower left standing is the one Lord, with no second self anywhere beside him. The whole apparent round of birth and agency is fastened on that knower only by ignorance; a truth real in the highest sense is never actually touched by a fault ignorance merely imagines onto it. Madhusudana sharpens this into a direct equation: drop the ignorance-imposed marks of doership and enjoyment from the one knower present in every field, and what remains is Krishna himself, without a second.

Śaṅkarācārya · Madhusūdana Sarasvatī

Viśiṣṭādvaita

Read through the word 'too' as marking the Lord as a further knower, the inner ruler seated within each individual field-knower, distinction intact throughout. This is drawn mainly from Ramanuja's fuller argument at 13.2, since his extant remark placed at 13.3 itself is thin; on the fuller position, bodily pleasure and pain belong to the embodied knower and cannot be handed to the changeless Lord, so the right knowledge is two-fold: the field and its jiva-knower together, and the Lord recognized as ruler indwelling that pair.

Rāmānujācārya

Dvaita

The source record for Madhva at this verse is a single bare gloss, with no developed argument of his own preserved here. What can be offered honestly is a clearly-flagged extension consistent with his wider teaching of radical dependence: every embodied knower would remain a real, distinct self, and the knowing named here would be the discernment of one's dependent standing before the one independent Lord indwelling the field, not the dissolution of many knowers into one.

Madhvācārya

Kashmir Śaiva

Abhinavagupta's surviving commentary folds 13.2 and 13.3 into one passage, with nothing separately extant for this verse. His genuine material at 13.2 reads 'knower of the field' through two verbal roots, wearing down bondage and rescuing from the fear of birth and death, and holds that for the awakened, the same field becomes the ground of Vasudeva, awareness spreading unbroken rather than resting in one measured spread. Extended, though not separately attested, to 13.3: the one knower named here would be that same unbroken awareness recognized as one's own nature.

Ācārya Abhinavagupta

Bhakti

Sridhara reads the verse as revealing the samsarin's own truest, non-samsaric form: the field-knower running through every field is to be known as none other than Vasudeva, grounded directly in the great saying, that thou art. Devotion, knowledge, and that saying converge in a single act of recognition, so to know the field-knower correctly just is to know the Lord seated in every field, bhakti and jnana seen as one movement rather than two roads.

Śrīdhara Svāmī

Modern

Read as completing a deliberate two-step argument: the field-knower was first shown merely distinct from body and senses, self-luminous in its own right, and only now is it shown identical with the supreme Self once ignorance's imposed marks, doership, enjoyment, birth, are stripped away. The field itself is exposed as maya's imagination, false; the knower alone stands as the one reality it rests on, making the verse the hinge between an epistemic claim, the knower is distinct, and a metaphysical one, the knower is the Lord.

Madhusūdana Sarasvatī

A Seeker Asks

If the knower in me is really one with the Lord, or at least indwelt by the Lord, why does my suffering feel so entirely my own, with no trace of anything larger in it?

Every developed source agrees the feeling of ownership is exactly the error being named, not a fact the verse denies. Pleasure and pain belong to the field, the body and mind; they are laid onto the knower only by long habit and by ignorance of what the knower actually is. The verse is not telling you the pain is unreal where it sits. It is telling you where it sits, and where it does not.

Śaṅkarācārya · Madhusūdana Sarasvatī

Whether that means the suffering self is finally seen as never having existed apart from the Lord, or remains a real, distinct experiencer indwelt by the Lord as inner ruler, is exactly where the sources part, and the honest answer holds both live. What no source disputes is that the remedy is the same act: learning to tell the field from the one who watches it.

Rāmānujācārya · Śrīdhara Svāmī

Where the sources are thin, as with Madhva and Abhinavagupta on this particular verse, the honest move is not to manufacture false certainty but to note that their wider teachings, dependence on the one Lord for Madhva, awareness recognizing its own nature for Abhinavagupta, would each answer your question differently, and neither answer is recorded here as their own settled word on this line.

Madhvācārya · Ācārya Abhinavagupta

Contemplation

Notice, just once today, the moment pain or pleasure arrives and your mind says 'this is happening to me.' Do not argue with the feeling. Simply ask what in you is aware of it. That awareness is not the pain, is not the pleasure, and was never touched by either. Rest there for a breath before returning to whatever you were doing.

Sit with this · sonnet-5-authored

All the translations and commentary7 translations
Translationsthe verse re-voiced; tap a translator
The commentatorsthe schools expound the verse

Pull up a chair.

You have come to sit with this verse. When you are ready to hear the translators and the commentators in full, open a tradition in the doorways below, or add a voice by name above.

Also hear this verse, tradition by tradition.

Where this teaching echoesin the Haripath