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Chapter 12 · 20 verses

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No alarm given, none received: the fourfold freedom of the devotee at peace with the world.

This portrait names a peace that runs both ways: no harm intended toward the world, and no wound taken from it. Inside, four specific movements, elation, intolerance, fear, and restlessness, have nowhere left to attach.

15Chapter 12
The verseSpoken by Krishna
Voices6 commentators · 5 schools · modern voices
The readingAbout 5 minutes, unhurried
यस्मान्नोद्विजते लोको लोकान्नोद्विजते च यः।हर्षामर्षभयोद्वेगैर्मुक्तो यः स च मे प्रियः
yasmān nodvijate loko lokān nodvijate cha yaḥ harṣhāmarṣha-bhayodvegair mukto yaḥ sa cha me priyaḥ

The one who gives the world no cause for alarm, and is not alarmed by the world in turn, who is free of elation, impatience, fear, and anxiety, that person is dear to me.

Bhagavad Gita 12.15
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Sanskrit recitation by Swami Brahmānanda

Audio from the Gītā Supersite, IIT Kanpur

The reading read whole, as one unhurried piece

Where it stands

Krishna continues the portrait of the devotee he holds dear, begun in the verses just before this one. Here he names a peace that runs in both directions, between this person and the world, and a fourfold freedom that runs inside him.

The teaching

No alarm given, none received: the peace of one freed from elation, intolerance, fear, and anxiety.

You give the world no cause for alarm. This is not the result of careful tact or of avoiding people; it follows from intending harm to no creature at all, so nothing in what you do gives anyone real cause to shrink from you. And the world gives you no cause for alarm either, even when it turns against you, because Ramanuja reads this as resting on a settled conviction: you hold no aggression and no quarrel toward anyone, and so there is, at bottom, no real contention for the world's hostility to catch hold of. Alongside this two-way peace, four specific inner movements are named as ones you are free from. Sridhara and Madhusudana, whose readings survive here in some detail, define each with care. Elation, harsha, is the swelling excitement at gaining your own desired end. Intolerance, amarsha, is the inability to bear another's gain or excellence. Fear, bhaya, is fright at what threatens you. Anxiety, udvega, is the mind's restless disturbance on the occasion of fear and the like. Madhusudana adds a distinctive claim: these are not forced out by effort. Seeing non-duality, they leave you as one unfit for them to remain in, the way an uninvited guest departs on his own.

The doubt that rises

Does this fourfold freedom ask you to stop feeling glad when something good happens, or only to stop being gripped by that gladness the moment it turns into its opposite?

Where the paths divide

Advaita Vedanta

Read through the passage's non-dual emphasis; the surviving Shankara fragment here is brief.

The little that survives restates the verse's own two clauses closely. Read alongside the wider non-dual emphasis of this passage, the two-way peace and the fourfold freedom would follow from seeing one Self in all beings: there is no truly separate other to harm or be harmed by, and the four agitations, each rooted in treating some gain or danger as belonging to a separate self, would have nothing left to fasten onto once that separateness is seen through.

Vishishtadvaita

Read as a settled conviction of contending with no one.

You do no action at all that makes the world shrink from you, and it does none that makes you shrink from it, because you are utterly sure you are at odds with no one. For that very reason, you are freed of gladness toward anyone in particular, of impatience toward anyone, of fear of anyone, and of agitation over anyone. Each of the four is named as something this total non-contention specifically removes.

Dvaita

An honest gap, not a filled one.

The available record states directly that Madhva does not comment on this verse. Rather than construct a plausible-sounding Dvaita reading and present it as his, this space stays open. If a reader wants a conditional bridge, one consistent with his broader teaching on the self's dependence might guess that this freedom, too, would be read as a mark of surrendered agency rather than self-won calm. But that is offered only as a flagged extrapolation, not as a report of Madhva's actual words, because none exist here to report.

Kashmir Shaivism

Extended from a fragment on holding no fixed resolve; the extension is clearly labeled.

What survives here addresses this quarter-verse only as part of a wider passage on aniketa, without a fixed home: holding no resolve that only this must be done by you, taking pleasure and pain exactly as they come, your heart resting in the Lord who is the whole field of being. On a labeled extension beyond what the fragment itself states, since nothing here is insisted upon in one direction, the four agitations named in the fuller verse, each depending on insisting things go a particular way, would have nothing left to grip.

Bhakti

Read through careful naming of each agitation.

You on whose account no creature is set into agitation through fear, who are not yourself agitated by the world, and who are free of the natural movements of elation and the rest: harsha, the excitement at gaining your own desired end; amarsha, the inability to bear another's gain; bhaya, plain fright; udvega, the mind's disturbance on the occasion of fear and the like. Freed from these, you are dear to the Lord.

Modern

Read as what naturally falls away rather than what is forced down.

The world does not shrink from you, and you do not shrink from wicked people whose one aim is to distress the innocent, because you see non-duality and remain supremely compassionate and forbearing. Joy, impatience, fear, and agitation are each named as movements of mind, but they do not need to be wrestled out of you. Seeing rightly, they leave you as one unfit for them to remain in, the way beasts and birds flee a forest on fire, and it is by this that you are drawn in as the Lord's own devotee, dear to him.

The sources that survive in useful detail agree that a two-way peace and a fourfold inner freedom are named here, and that Sridhara's and Madhusudana's definitions of the four largely match. They differ on what produces the freedom: a settled conviction of contending with no one, a non-dual seeing that removes the separateness the four depend on, or simply what a mind unfit for these movements no longer holds onto. And for two of the six voices this file draws on, Madhva and, in its full particular form, Abhinavagupta, no reading of this specific verse survives to adjudicate between such positions at all; that absence is left open rather than quietly filled.

A question to carry

The next time gladness swells in you at some gain, or a grudging pinch rises at someone else's, can you notice the shared root before choosing which one to feed?

May you give the world no cause for alarm, and take none from it, and may elation, intolerance, fear, and restless anxiety find, in you, nothing left to hold onto.

Each school is voiced from the commentators named above. Their full words, every translation, and where the schools agree and differ wait in the reading desk just below. Open the commentary desk.

This continues the closing sequence of this passage on the devotee dear to Krishna, adding the mark of a two-way peace with the world to the qualities already named.

Where they agreethe convergence

He gives the world no cause for alarm and takes none from it either, and is freed of elation, intolerance, fear, and restless anxiety; such a one, the sources agree, is dear to the Lord.

Across schools and centuries the commentators come to the same ground. These are the points they share, and the voices that hold each one.

3schools

The peace runs both ways: he causes the world no alarm, and the world causes him none, because his acts aim at no one's harm.

Across Advaita, Viśiṣṭādvaita, BhaktiŚaṅkara · Rāmānuja · Śrīdhara · Madhusūdana
In Śaṅkara, Rāmānuja, and 2 others’ words

The verse describes a two-way harmlessness. The world has no cause to be alarmed by this person, and this person has no cause to be alarmed by the world. The first half rests on the fact that he intends harm to no creature; the second, on the fact that even when the world turns against him, its hostility finds nothing in him to catch hold of.

Asked in question 1, below
2schools

Four specific movements are named, not a vague calm: elation at one's own gain, intolerance of another's, fear, and restless anxiety.

Across Advaita, BhaktiŚaṅkara · Śrīdhara · Madhusūdana
In Śaṅkara, Śrīdhara, and 1 others’ words

Four specific agitations are named, not a vague serenity: harsha, the swelling elation at gaining something desired; amarsha, the inability to bear another's gain or excellence; bhaya, fear, above all the fear of what threatens the body or the self; and udvega, a restless anxiety that cannot settle.

Asked in question 2, below
2schools

Sridhara and Madhusudana define each of the four with unusual precision, letting a practitioner recognize each by name.

Across Bhakti, AdvaitaŚrīdhara · Madhusūdana
In Śrīdhara and Madhusūdana’s words

Sridhara and Madhusudana, the two sources with the fullest surviving definitions, converge closely on what each of the four actually names, down to matching details like the swelling of joy causing tears and standing hair. Where the record is this precise, the commentators are effectively reading the same technical vocabulary, not offering competing glosses.

3schools

Where fuller reasoning survives, this freedom follows from a settled, non-contentious way of seeing rather than from forcing each feeling down by will.

Across Viśiṣṭādvaita, Advaita, Kashmir ŚaivaRāmānuja · Madhusūdana · Abhinavagupta
In Rāmānuja, Madhusūdana, and 1 others’ words

Where fuller reasoning survives, the freedom described is not something clamped down upon by effort but a consequence of how this person already sees. Ramanuja roots it in the settled conviction of being at odds with no one; Madhusudana and, on a labeled extension, Abhinavagupta root it in a seeing that has stopped insisting things must go one way, so the four agitations have nothing left to attach to.

3schools

Where the record for a given acarya is thin or silent, as with Madhva here, that silence is reported honestly rather than filled with invented words.

Across Advaita, Viśiṣṭādvaita, BhaktiŚaṅkara · Rāmānuja · Śrīdhara · Madhusūdana
In Śaṅkara, Rāmānuja, and 2 others’ words

The verse closes, as the surrounding verses in this passage do, by naming this person dear to the Lord. For the sources this pass can draw on, that closing word gathers the two-way peace and the fourfold freedom into a single mark of the devotee Krishna holds dear, rather than a separate, additional qualification.

This is the shared ground; it can be carried as it is. Below is where they differ.

Where they differthe divergence

The question they answer differently
Is this fourfold freedom something achieved by disciplined effort against each feeling as it arises, or is it what a settled, non-contentious way of seeing simply leaves behind on its own?
The traditional commentators
Advaita Vedāntasee this school across the GītāŚaṅkara
Seeing the one Self in every being removes the separateness that both harm and the four agitations depend on.
Reasoning drawn from the wider non-dual emphasis of the passage, not a full surviving Shankara gloss on this line alone.
Viśiṣṭādvaitasee this school across the GītāRāmānuja
A settled conviction of being at odds with no one removes gladness, impatience, fear, and agitation toward anyone at all.
For the one whose non-contention is total, not partial or occasional.
Viśiṣṭādvaita, in their fuller words

Ramanuja gives the fullest surviving reasoning: the two-way peace rests specifically on the devotee's settled conviction that he is at odds with no one, holding no aggression and no contentiousness toward any being. Because that conviction is total, each of the four agitations is named as an object explicitly negated in him, one at a time: no gladness toward anyone in particular, no impatience toward anyone, no fear of anyone, no agitation over anyone.

Rāmānuja
Asked in question 5, below
Dvaitasee this school across the Gītā
No position can be honestly attributed to Madhva here; the record states he does not comment on this verse, and that absence is reported rather than filled.
An acknowledged gap, not a claim in Madhva's name.
Dvaita, in their fuller words

No Dvaita position can be honestly reported here: the available record states plainly that Madhva does not comment on this verse. Rather than invent a reading in his voice, this space is left as an acknowledged gap. On a conditional, clearly-labeled extension of his broader teaching on dependence, one might guess that this freedom would be read as itself a mark of surrendered agency rather than self-achieved calm, but this is speculation offered as speculation, not as Madhva's word.

Kashmir Śaivasee this school across the GītāAbhinavagupta
Holding no fixed resolve that things must go one way, he takes pleasure and pain as they come, leaving the four agitations nothing to grip.
Extended, with the extension clearly labeled, from a fragment addressing aniketa in the wider passage.
BhaktiŚrīdhara
Each agitation is named with precision, elation, intolerance, fright, and restlessness, so the practitioner can recognize it rather than feel only a vague unease.
Read as instruction through careful naming rather than through metaphysical argument.
Bhakti, in their fuller words

Sridhara's contribution is its careful naming: harsha as excitement at gaining one's own desired end, amarsha as the inability to bear another's gain, bhaya as fright, and udvega as the mind's disturbance on the occasion of fear and the like. He treats this precision itself as the teaching, letting the practitioner recognize each agitation by name and closes simply that one freed of these is dear to the Lord.

Śrīdhara
Asked in question 3, below
Modern voices teachers of the last two centuries, read together; they stand apart from the classical schools
A modern readingMadhusūdana
The four agitations are not suppressed by effort; seeing non-duality, they leave of their own accord as unfit company.
Read as a claim about what naturally falls away once its underlying seeing changes.
A modern reading, in their fuller words

Madhusudana's distinctive claim is that these four need not be forcibly removed. Because the devotee sees non-duality, the agitations themselves leave him as one unfit for them, the way an unwelcome guest departs rather than being evicted; nothing here is described as a discipline of suppression, only as what naturally has nowhere left to stand once the seeing that fed it is gone.

Madhusūdana
Asked in question 6, below
Sit with these

A few questions to carry

These ask for understanding, not recall; each answer is settled by the commentary itself.

1
What two-way relationship does the verse describe between this person and the world?
2
Which four specific states does the verse name as ones this person is freed from?
3
According to Sridhara's precise definitions, what exactly is amarsha?
4
If someone else's success brings up a grudging 'why them and not me,' which of the four named states is this, most precisely?
5
For Ramanuja, what removes the four agitations in this person?
6
According to Madhusudana, how do the four agitations leave the devotee who sees non-duality?
For a second sitting6 more questions
7
What does the honest record say about Madhva's commentary on this verse?
8
What survives from Abhinavagupta touching this verse?
9
Why does the world, in this reading, have no cause to be alarmed by this person?
10
How does this verse suggest you relate to a swelling feeling of elation when something good happens to you?
11
What single feature do harsha, amarsha, bhaya, and udvega share, according to this reading?
12
What is the honest way to handle an acarya whose commentary on a specific verse does not survive?

Carry this with youwhat stays

Notice, the next time you feel that swelling lift at good news or that grudging pinch at someone else's gain, that both are the same mechanism wearing different faces: a mind measuring itself against a separate gain or loss. You do not need to fight the feeling directly. Ask instead what conviction is feeding it, the sense that this one thing must go a certain way, and let your attention rest there instead.

May you meet the world without giving it cause for alarm, and without taking alarm from it in turn, and may elation, intolerance, fear, and restlessness find nothing left in you to hold onto.

हर्षामर्षभयोद्वेगैर्मुक्तो यः स च मे प्रियःharṣhāmarṣha-bhayodvegair mukto yaḥ sa cha me priyaḥ

Read deeper

Everything a full study holds, folded below.

Word by word19 terms
yasmātby whomnanotudvijateare agitatedlokaḥpeoplelokātfrom peoplenanotudvijateare disturbedchaandyaḥwhoharṣhapleasureamarṣhapainbhayafearudvegaiḥanxietymuktaḥfreedyaḥwhosaḥtheychaandmeto mepriyaḥvery dear
All the commentary, woven togetherevery voice, in one place

The commentary, woven together

machine-assisted draft, pending review

Convergence

he verse describes a two-way harmlessness. The world has no cause to be alarmed by this person, and this person has no cause to be alarmed by the world. The first half rests on the fact that he intends harm to no creature; the second, on the fact that even when the world turns against him, its hostility finds nothing in him to catch hold of.

Śaṅkarācārya · Rāmānujācārya · Śrīdhara Svāmī · Madhusūdana Sarasvatī

Four specific agitations are named, not a vague serenity: harsha, the swelling elation at gaining something desired; amarsha, the inability to bear another's gain or excellence; bhaya, fear, above all the fear of what threatens the body or the self; and udvega, a restless anxiety that cannot settle.

Śaṅkarācārya · Śrīdhara Svāmī · Madhusūdana Sarasvatī

Sridhara and Madhusudana, the two sources with the fullest surviving definitions, converge closely on what each of the four actually names, down to matching details like the swelling of joy causing tears and standing hair. Where the record is this precise, the commentators are effectively reading the same technical vocabulary, not offering competing glosses.

Śrīdhara Svāmī · Madhusūdana Sarasvatī

Where fuller reasoning survives, the freedom described is not something clamped down upon by effort but a consequence of how this person already sees. Ramanuja roots it in the settled conviction of being at odds with no one; Madhusudana and, on a labeled extension, Abhinavagupta root it in a seeing that has stopped insisting things must go one way, so the four agitations have nothing left to attach to.

Rāmānujācārya · Madhusūdana Sarasvatī · Ācārya Abhinavagupta

The verse closes, as the surrounding verses in this passage do, by naming this person dear to the Lord. For the sources this pass can draw on, that closing word gathers the two-way peace and the fourfold freedom into a single mark of the devotee Krishna holds dear, rather than a separate, additional qualification.

Śaṅkarācārya · Rāmānujācārya · Śrīdhara Svāmī · Madhusūdana Sarasvatī

Divergence

Advaita Vedānta

The surviving Shankara material for this verse is brief and stays close to restating its two clauses. Read alongside the wider passage's non-dual emphasis, the two-way peace follows from seeing the one Self in every being, so there is no real other to either harm or be harmed by; the four agitations, sharing one root in the swelling and contracting of a mind that takes its objects as separate from itself, fall away together once that seeing is settled.

Śaṅkarācārya

Viśiṣṭādvaita

Ramanuja gives the fullest surviving reasoning: the two-way peace rests specifically on the devotee's settled conviction that he is at odds with no one, holding no aggression and no contentiousness toward any being. Because that conviction is total, each of the four agitations is named as an object explicitly negated in him, one at a time: no gladness toward anyone in particular, no impatience toward anyone, no fear of anyone, no agitation over anyone.

Rāmānujācārya

Dvaita

No Dvaita position can be honestly reported here: the available record states plainly that Madhva does not comment on this verse. Rather than invent a reading in his voice, this space is left as an acknowledged gap. On a conditional, clearly-labeled extension of his broader teaching on dependence, one might guess that this freedom would be read as itself a mark of surrendered agency rather than self-achieved calm, but this is speculation offered as speculation, not as Madhva's word.

Kashmir Śaiva

What survives from Abhinavagupta addresses this quarter-verse only as part of a wider passage on aniketa, having no fixed home: holding no resolve that only this must be done by him, taking pleasure and pain exactly as they come, his heart resting in the Lord who is the whole field of being. On a labeled extension, since nothing here is insisted upon in one direction, the four named agitations, which each depend on insisting things go a particular way, would have nothing to attach to, but this extension goes beyond what the surviving fragment itself states.

Ācārya Abhinavagupta

Bhakti

Sridhara's contribution is its careful naming: harsha as excitement at gaining one's own desired end, amarsha as the inability to bear another's gain, bhaya as fright, and udvega as the mind's disturbance on the occasion of fear and the like. He treats this precision itself as the teaching, letting the practitioner recognize each agitation by name and closes simply that one freed of these is dear to the Lord.

Śrīdhara Svāmī

Modern

Madhusudana's distinctive claim is that these four need not be forcibly removed. Because the devotee sees non-duality, the agitations themselves leave him as one unfit for them, the way an unwelcome guest departs rather than being evicted; nothing here is described as a discipline of suppression, only as what naturally has nowhere left to stand once the seeing that fed it is gone.

Madhusūdana Sarasvatī

A Seeker Asks

If I am meant to be free of joy, impatience, fear, and anxiety, am I being asked to stop feeling anything at all?

What is named here is not feeling as such but four specific movements: the swelling of elation at gaining something desired, the grudging pinch at another's gain, the dread of danger, and a restless unrest that cannot settle. Sridhara and Madhusudana are careful to define each one precisely rather than treat the verse as a blanket call to feel nothing.

Śrīdhara Svāmī · Madhusūdana Sarasvatī

Ramanuja's reading suggests the freedom follows from a settled conviction, being at odds with no one, rather than from suppressing a reaction after it arises. The four agitations are named as things this conviction removes, not as things a separate act of will must fight down each time they appear.

Rāmānujācārya

Madhusudana adds that these need not be forced out at all; seeing rightly, they leave of their own accord, unfit to remain. That is a different picture from numbness. It is closer to a mind no longer giving these particular movements anything to hold onto, which is why the record treats this person as fully alive and dear to the Lord, not withdrawn from life.

Madhusūdana Sarasvatī

Contemplation

Notice, the next time you feel that swelling lift at good news or that grudging pinch at someone else's gain, that both are the same mechanism wearing different faces: a mind measuring itself against a separate gain or loss. You do not need to fight the feeling directly. Ask instead what conviction is feeding it, the sense that this one thing must go a certain way, and let your attention rest there instead.

Sit with this · sonnet-5-authored

All the translations and commentary7 translations
Translationsthe verse re-voiced; tap a translator
The commentatorsthe schools expound the verse

Pull up a chair.

You have come to sit with this verse. When you are ready to hear the translators and the commentators in full, open a tradition in the doorways below, or add a voice by name above.

Also hear this verse, tradition by tradition.

Where this teaching echoesin the Haripath