StudyVedanta
Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣadबृहदारण्यक उपनिषद्

Yajnavalkya Kanda. Adhyaya 4, Brahmana 5. Yajnavalkya and Maitreyi, again

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Each mantra is given four ways: the Sanskrit in its Devanagari script, the same sounds in Roman letters, an English translation set in our own voice, and then the line once more in plain words, for a first and unhurried reading.

Not every passage is opened to the same depth. A few central mantras carry the full cross-school commentary, where the schools are set side by side. The rest are kept here whole and faithful, set in their place but not expounded, so the book stays entire and nothing is dropped for being thought minor.

Where the schools read a line differently, the difference is kept open. None is crowned and none is corrected. Each is met on its own terms, and where they contradict, the contradiction is left standing for you to sit with.

॥ 4.5.8 ॥

The drum

स यथा दुन्दुभेर्हन्यमानस्य न बाह्याञ्छब्दाञ्छक्नुयाद्ग्रहणाय । दुन्दुभेस्तु ग्रहणेन दुन्दुभ्याघातस्य वा शब्दो गृहीतः
In transliteration
sa yathā dundubherhanyamānasya na bāhyāñchabdāñchaknuyādgrahaṇāya | dundubhestu grahaṇena dundubhyāghātasya vā śabdo gṛhītaḥ

In English

As, when a drum is being beaten, one cannot grasp the sounds as they go outward, but by grasping the drum, or the beater of the drum, the sound is grasped:

In plain words

Just as, when a drum is being struck, you cannot catch the separate notes as they fly outward; but if you take hold of the drum itself, or of the one beating it, the sound is caught along with them. The particular sounds have no standing apart from their source.

In the commentaries

Sri SankaraAdvaita

Sankara uses the drum as an illustration: the scattered particular sounds cannot be seized on their own, only as held within their cause, just as particular things have no reality apart from the Self that is their ground.

Sri Sankara, Brhadaranyaka-bhasya 4.5.8 (via Madhavananda)